American History Exam

Who negotiated the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819?

U.S. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and Spanish Minister to the U.S. Luís de Onís.

What territory did Spain cede to the U.S. in the Adams-Onís Treaty?

Florida.

What was a significant outcome of the Adams-Onís Treaty regarding Oregon Territory?

Spain gave up claims to the Oregon Territory.

What was the significance of the Adams-Onís Treaty?

It clarified borders and ended Spain’s territorial claims in the U.S., furthering American expansion. It also defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain.

Who proposed the Missouri Compromise in 1820?

Henry Clay.

What was established by the Missouri Compromise at the 36°30’ parallel?

The Missouri Compromise Line.

What did the Missouri Compromise designate for territories north and south of the Missouri Compromise Line?

North was designated as free states and south as slave states.

What was the significance of the Missouri Compromise?

It temporarily resolved the debate over the expansion of slavery but set a precedent for dividing the nation along sectional lines.

Who was involved in the Monroe Doctrine of 1823?

U.S. President James Monroe and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams.

What was the main declaration of the Monroe Doctrine?

The U.S. would not interfere with existing European colonies but opposed any new European colonization in the Americas.

What shift in U.S. foreign policy did the Monroe Doctrine signify?

It asserted the U.S. as a protector of the Western Hemisphere.

Who enacted the Indian Removal Act in 1830?

President Andrew Jackson.

What did the Indian Removal Act authorize?

The forced relocation of Native Americans to lands west of the Mississippi River.

What was the infamous result of the Indian Removal Act known as?

The Trail of Tears.

What were the consequences of the Indian Removal Act?

Disruption of Native American lives, cultures, and loss of lives during relocation.

Who was the President of Mexico during the Texas Revolution?

Antonio López de Santa Anna.

What did Santa Anna's leadership lead to in Texas?

The Texas Revolution against Mexican authority.

What was the outcome of Santa Anna's capture in 1836?

He signed a treaty recognizing Texas' independence.

What political parties emerged in the U.S. during the 1830s-1850s?

The Democratic Party, the Whig Party, and later the Republican Party.

How did the Whig Party affect political divisions in the U.S.?

It dissolved in the 1850s, leading many Northern Whigs to form the Republican Party.

What sparked the Mexican-American War (1846-1848)?

A dispute over the Texas border claims between the U.S. and Mexico.

What was one of the major consequences of the Mexican-American War?

The U.S. gained vast territories including California and New Mexico.

What was the significance of the annexation of Texas?

It increased tensions with Mexico and set the stage for the Mexican-American War.

What belief drove U.S. territorial expansion across the continent?

Manifest Destiny.

How did Manifest Destiny impact Native Americans?

It contributed to their displacement.

Where was the first women’s rights convention held?

Seneca Falls, New York.

Who were the key figures at the Seneca Falls Convention?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott.

What document was drafted at the Seneca Falls Convention?

The “Declaration of Sentiments.”

What was the significance of the Declaration of Sentiments?

It was a foundational document for the women’s rights movement.

What period is referred to as the Age of Reform?

A time in the early to mid-19th century marked by various social movements.

What were some key social movements during the Age of Reform?

The abolition of slavery, women’s rights, and temperance.

What was the goal of the temperance movement?

To reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption.

Who led the growth of public education reform?

Horace Mann.

What improvements were made in education due to reform efforts?

Expansion of public education and improved quality, especially in Northern states.

What significant event did the Missouri Compromise temporarily resolve?

The debate over the expansion of slavery into new territories.

What was the impact of the Mexican-American War on U.S. politics?

It reignited sectional tensions over slavery.

What was a major territorial gain for the U.S. after the Mexican-American War?

California.

Which president was associated with the acquisition of Texas?

President John Tyler.

What issue did Texas’ annexation highlight?

Tensions surrounding slavery.

What did the Indian Removal Act signify about U.S. policies towards Native Americans?

A move towards expansion and disregard for Native American rights.

What was an important legacy of the Seneca Falls Convention?

It laid the groundwork for the future women's suffrage movement.

Why was the Age of Reform significant in U.S. history?

It set the stage for major societal changes and conflicts, including the Civil War.

Which treaty ended the Mexican-American War and what did it entail?

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which resulted in the U.S. acquiring vast territories.

What was a driving belief behind U.S. expansionism in the 19th century?

The belief in Manifest Destiny.

How did the U.S. define its borders according to the Adams-Onís Treaty?

It clarified U.S. borders and ended claims by Spain.

What was the main theme of the Monroe Doctrine?

Non-interference with existing colonies and opposition to new European colonization.

What did the Indian Removal Act aim to achieve for white settlers?

Open up land for settlement.

What principle did the Declaration of Sentiments advocate for?

Equality for women in voting, property, and legal rights.

What movements emerged during the Age of Reform?

Abolition, women's rights, and temperance.

What was a key grievance addressed in the Declaration of Sentiments?

Disenfranchisement of women regarding voting rights.

What doctrine emphasized the idea of American exceptionalism and expansionism?

Manifest Destiny.

Why was the Missouri Compromise considered a temporary solution?

It only postponed the conflict over slavery rather than resolving it.

What role did Andrew Jackson play in U.S. history?

He enforced the Indian Removal Act and expanded presidential power.

Where did the first organized fight for women's rights take place?

Seneca Falls.

What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo accomplish?

It officially ended the Mexican-American War and expanded U.S. territory.

What conflicts arose because of the annexation of Texas?

Increased tensions with Mexico and sectional conflicts over slavery.

What did the abolition movement aim to achieve?

The end of slavery in the United States.

What sparked the Texas Revolution in the 1830s?

Santa Anna's dictatorial rule and policies.

What was a significant cultural impact of the age of reform movements?

Alterations in social norms and increased activism for rights.

How did the Age of Reform influence future movements?

Set the foundation for later civil rights and social justice movements.

What change did the Missouri Compromise line bring to the U.S.?

It established a geographic division between free and slave states.

What did Horace Mann advocate for in terms of education?

Expanding public education access and improving educational standards.

What was a major focus of the temperance movement?

Reduction or elimination of alcohol consumption issues.

How did the U.S. government's actions contribute to the Trail of Tears?

Through the implementation of the Indian Removal Act.

What legacy did the Seneca Falls Convention leave for future generations?

It was a pivotal moment in the women’s rights movement.

What did the concept of Manifest Destiny justify in terms of U.S. policy?

Expansion of territory across North America.