[PARA10] Lec 4: Food and Waterborne Protozoa and Opportunistic Coccidians

pseudopodium

pseudopodium

What is E. histolytica's characteristic structure that enables it to move in a creeping/crawling motion during its invasive stage?

formed stool; diarrheal stool

E. histolytica's cysts are found in _________ while trophozoites are more commonly found in _________

Amoebiasis

Is transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated drinking water and food with infective cysts.

Gal/GalNAc

Is transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated drinking water and food with infective cysts.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Detects DNA sequence of the adherence lectin of E. histolytica and differentiates it from the non-pathogenic E. dispar

Diloxanide furoate and Metronidazole respectively

Treatment for E. histolytica cyst carriers and Intestinal and amoebic liver abscess

Nucleus with a peripherally located nucleolus/karyosome

Distinguishing feature of E. coli trophozoite

Nucleus with a large irregularly-shaped karyosome

Distinguishing feature of E. nana trophozoite

1 large nucleus and large glycogen vacuole

Distinguishing feature of I. Butschlii cyst

Very prominent central body (vacuole) pushing/ compressing the nuclei to the periphery or cyst wall

Distinguishing feature of B. hominis

Giardiasis

Infection in the small intestines caused by the flagellate Giardia lamblia

Entero-test or duodenal string test

Non-invasive; involves the examination of mucus (for the presence of trophozoites and cysts) from a capsule that is tied to a string and swallowed and pulled out from a patient.

Metronidazole 250 mg three times a day for 5 days.

Treatment for Giardiasis

Opportunistic parasitic infections

Infections that occur more frequently and are more severe in people with weakened immune systems

apical complex

As an Apicomplexan, coccidians are provided with _________ important for host-cell invasion and establishment of intracellular parasitism

Sporozoite; merozoites

Coccidian's basic life cycle starts when an _________ enters a host cell—divides repeatedly to form numerous _________

Intestinal Coccidia

Involves Cystoisospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and Cryptosporidium sp

C. belli

The least common of the three intestinal coccidia that infect humans

The most common symptom for cystoisosporiasis

Watery diarrhea

C. cayetanensis

Causative agent of cyclosporiasis

C. parvum and C. hominis

The most prevalent species of Cryptosporidium causing diseases in humans

Toxoplasma gondii

Follows a Predator-Prey life cycle: require an intermediate host and a definitive host (cat); Causative agent of toxoplasmosis

Congenital Toxoplasmosis

Disease caused by transplacental acquisition of T. gondii.

E. histolytica (immature cyst)

E. histolytica (mature cyst)

E. histolytica (trophpzoite)

E. coli (immature cyst)

E. coli (mature cyst)

E. coli (trophozoite)

I. Butschlii (cyst)

E. nana (immature cyst)

E. nana (mature cyst)

E. nana (trophozoite)

G. lamblia (cyst)

G. lamblia (trophozoite)

Blastocystis sp.

Cryptosporidium spp. (oocyst)

T. gondii (Zoitocyst/Pseudocyst)

T. gondii (Tachyzoites)