URINALYSIS LAB

Dark Yellow

Concentrated specimen

Amber

Dehydration from fever and burns

Orange

Presence of bilirubin, urobilinogen, phenazopyridine

Yellow Green

Photo-oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin

Brown/Black

RBC remaining acidic urine (hemoglobin to methemoglobin), glomerular bleeding, melanin, homogentisic acid, levodopa, methyldopa, phenol derivatives, and metronidazole

Blue

Methocarbamol, methylene blue, amitriptyline

Green

Clorets, Phenol derivatives, pseudomonas species

Red

RBC, hemoglobin, myoglobin, menstrual contamination, rifampin, phenolphthalein, phenindione, phenothiazines, beets, blackberries

Port Wine

Oxidation of porphobilinogen to porphyrins

Clear

NO VISIBLE particulates, transparent

Hazy

FEW particulates, print easily seen through urine

Cloudy

MANY particulates, prints blurred through urine

Turbid

print CANNOT BE SEEN through urine

Milky

many PRECIPITATE or BE CLOTTED

Aromatic

Normal

Foul-Ammonia-like

UTI, bacterial decomposition

Fruity, sweet

Diabetes mellitus, starvation, vomiting

Maple Syrup

Maple syrup urine disease

Mousy

Phenylketonuria

Rancid

Tyrosinemia

Sweaty Feet

Isovaleric acidemia

Cabbage

Methionine malabsorption

Bleach

Contamination

reagent strip

Provide a simple, rapid means for performing medically significant chemical analysis of urine

It includes:

✓pH ✓Protein ✓Blood ✓Urobilinogen ✓Nitrite ✓Specific gravity ✓Ketones ✓Glucose ✓Bilirubin ✓Leukocyte ✓Ascorbic acid ✓Creatinine

Reagent strip handling and storage

• Store with desiccant in an opaque, tightly closed container

• stored below 30°C

What are the causes of reagent strip deterioration?

• moisture

• volatile chemicals

• heat

• light

Reading time of Glucose using 4-Parameter Reagent Strip

30 secs

Reading time of pH using 4-Parameter Reagent Strip

60 secs

Reading time of Specific Gravity using 4-Parameter Reagent Strip

45 secs

Reading time of Protein using 4-Parameter Reagent Strip

60 secs

Reading time of Glucose using 10-Parameter Reagent Strip

30s

Reading time of pH using 10-Parameter Reagent Strip

60s

Reading time of Specific Gravity using 10-Parameter Reagent Strip

45s

Reading time of Protein using 10-Parameter Reagent Strip

60s

Reading time of Leukocytes using 10-Parameter Reagent Strip

2 mins

Reading time of Nitrite using 10-Parameter Reagent Strip

60s

Reading time of Urobilinogen using 10-Parameter Reagent Strip

60s

Reading time of Blood using 10-Parameter Reagent Strip

60s

Reading time of Ketone using 10-Parameter Reagent Strip

40s

Reading time of Bilirubin using 10-Parameter Reagent Strip

30s

Clinical significance of pH

• Aid in determining the existence of systemic acid-base disorders

• important in the identification of CRYSTALS

Normal pH of random sample

4.5 - 8.0

Methyl Red - acid indicator

pH 4.0 - 6.0

Bromthymol Blue - alkali indicator

pH 7.0 - 9.0

Clinical proteinuria is indicated at ____

≥30 mg/dL

reagent of protein

tetrabromphenol blue