Roman Culture Final

Julius Caesar Portrait

Era: Roman Republic

Description: Bust for honorific purposes, represents achievements and heroism

Augustus Portrait

Era: Roman Republic

Description: Bust for honorific purposes, represents achievements and heroism

Bronze Roman Republic Statue

Era: Roman Republic

Description: Bust for honorific purposes, represents achievements and heroism

Sanctuary of Fortuna

Era: Roman Republic

Description: Cult worship and honoring higher power

Temple of Jupiter

Era: Roman Republic

Description: Cult worship and honoring higher power

Standard Domus Layout

Era: Roman Republic

Description: Townhouse like, constructed for higher-middle class citizens

Basic Layout of Rome

Era: Roman Republic

Capitoline Hill

Era: Roman Republic

Description: Served as the center of Rome and housed early citizens

Palatine Hills

Era: Roman Republic

Description: Palaces built on hills that were founded by Romulus

Forum

Era: Roman Republic

Description: Scene of meetings, public courts, and combat and was lined with shops and markets

Circus Maximus

Era: Roman Republic

Description: Chariot Racetrack, also used for other things like roman games and gladiator fights

Campus Martius

Era: Roman Republic

Description: Publicly owned area of Rome, historically used as military grounds

Forum of Julius Caesar

Era: Roman Republic

Description: Built to honor Caesar and his success

Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus

Era: Roman Republic

Description: Art broken up into scenes representing roman and greek establishment

Portrait of Augustus

Era: Augustan Age

Description: Showcased as heroic, always clean, and ageless features

Portrait of Livia

Era: Augustan Age

Description: Often shown with children, was politically educated, and usually portraits were very detailed. She was typically perceived as above others and important to Augustus.

The Altar of Augustan Peace

Era: Augustan Age

Description: Honors the return of Augusts to Rome

The Aeneid

Era: Augustan Age

Description: Poem by Virgil that tells the story of Aeneas

Large Roadside Tombs from the Augustan Era

Era: Augustan Age

Description: Burial sites for notable roman citizens

Nero’s Golden House (Domus Aurea)

Era: Julio-Claudian Dynasty

Description: Palace for Roman Emperor Nero

Flavian Amphitheater (Roman Coliseum)

Era: The Flavian Dynasty

Description: Named Flavian because of the Flavian emperors, used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles

Pompeii Body Casts

Era: The Flavian Dynasty

Description: Mount Vesuvius eruption trapped citizens inside and formed rock-hard casts

Portrait of Trajan

Era: Second Century / “adoptive” emperors

Description: More detailed portraits, showing more of the body

Trajan’s Forum

Era: Second Century / “adoptive” emperors

Description: Largest forum of Ancient Rome

Trajan’s Column

Era: Second Century / “adoptive” emperors

Description: 100ft tall column built in the forum to honor Trajan, details from Roman history and battles on the column

Trajan’s Market

Era: Second Century / “adoptive” emperors

Description: Trajans designed markets after defeating Dacia, known as worlds first shopping mall

The Pantheon

Era: Second Century / “adoptive” emperors

Description: Temple built by Marcus Agrippa for the higher power gods

Hadrian’s Villa

Era: Second Century / “adoptive” emperors

Description: Hadrian disliked the palace on Palatine Hill, so Hadrian’s Villa was constructed near Tibur as a retreat from Rome

Hadrian’s Wall

Era: Second Century / “adoptive” emperors

Description: Built to defend and protect the Roman province and military and served as a home for many soldiers

Third-century Roman Portrait

Era: Third Century Crisis / The Tetrarchy and Diocletian

Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs

Era: Third Century Crisis / The Tetrarchy and Diocletian

Description: Division of power in Ancient Rome Third Century

The Crisis of the Third Century

Era: Third Century Crisis / The Tetrarchy and Diocletian

Description: The Roman Empire had nearly collapsed under the combined pressure of repeated foreign invasions, civil wars and economic disintegration

Marble Portrait of Constantine

Era: The Fourth Century / Constantine

Roman Grave Markers

Era: Unspecific

Description: Romans in-scripted deceased citizens graves to remember or celebrate their life.

Sarcophagi

Era: Unspecific

Description: Stone coffins used to bury Roman elite, women, entire families, and children

Columbaria

Era: Unspecified

Description: Underground Chamber to preserve ashes from the deceased

Roman Writing Tablet

Era: Unspecified

Description: Used in school for children

Book Roll

Era: Unspecified

Description: Used in school for children

Aqueduct

Era: Unspecified

Description: Provided drinking water for the Romans and indoor sewer systems that carried water away from the city and also supplied the bath houses with ample water

Public Bath

Era: Unspecified

Description: Public gathering and different water temperature rooms

Roman Arches

Era: Unspecified

Description: Testament to their understanding of physics and their attempt to modernize the architectural layout of Rome. Some were dedicated to leaders (like Constantine)

Household Shrine (lararium)

Era: Unspecified

Description: Dedication to the household spirit

Depictions of the mystery-cult gods

Era: Unspecified

Description: Based on sacred stories and were associated with life and death

Theaters

Era: Unspecified

Description: Plays, gatherings, battles, etc