TFN 3 - ORPEZA

Discipline

specific to academia and refers to a branch of education, a department of learning, or a domain knowledge

Profession

Refers to a specialized field of practice founded on the theoretical structure of the science of knowledge of the discipline and accompanying practice abilities.

Clinical Eye

A developed skill wherein when you encounter patients you will have an idea or assessment of that patient beforehand.

The Nurse Notes

A documentation of various procedures done by a nurse to a patient wherein IF IT IT WAS NOT WRITTEN THEN IT HAS NOT BEEN DONE.

Practical

Giving care to patients what is due to them

Theoretical

since all procedures are backed up with evidence based practice

Highly Specialized

Means each individual goes through rigorous tests and training

Philippine Nurses Association or PNA

Once an individual becomes a professional nurse, he/she must be part of this association to be formally recognized as a nurse.

Altruism

Deals with the person as a whole

Holistic Approach

The profession does not focus on a specific area but the recovery of the patient as a whole.

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time-bounded

SMART Plan of Care

Human Needs Theory

Conceptualizes that humans aim to meet needs at the lowest levels before moving up to the higher level.

Abraham Maslow

Proponent of the Human Needs Theory

Human Needs Theory

Described achieving the highest-level, selfactualization, as “becoming all that one is capable of becoming in terms of talents, skills and abilities.”

Physiological Needs

all the things that you need to survive.

Safety Needs

sense of security.

Love and Belonging

if you feel you are in an environment where you can grow then, you have the sense of belongingness.

Esteem

if self-esteem is good then it leads to the achievement of this level of human needs.

Self-Actualization

desire to become the most that one can be.

Systems Theory

May be considered as a specialization of systems thinking and a generalization of systems science.

General Systems Theory

The Systems Theory was first proposed by Ludwig von Bertalanffy as

Ludwig von Bertalanffy

The Systems Theory was first proposed by _______ ____ _________ as General Systems Theory

Systems Theory

General science of ‘wholeness’

Systems Theory

Has been applied in developing nursing theories and conducting nursing research

(1) Neuman’s System Theory, (2) Roger’s Theory of Unitary Human Beings, (3) Roy’s Adaptation Model, (4) Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment, (5) Orem Self-Care Deficit Theory, (6) Johnson’s Behavior Systems Model

The following theories used the Systems Theory as their guide:

Change Theory

Conceptualized by Kurt Lewin

Kurt Lewin

Proponent of Change Theory

Unfreezing - Change - Refreezing

Kurt Lewin theorized a three-stage model known as _______-_______-_______ model that requires prior learning to be rejected and replaced.

Driving Forces

These are forces that push in a direction that causes change to occur.

Driving Force

facilitate change because they push the person in the desired direction.

Driving Forces

They cause a shift in equilibrium towards change.

Restraining Forces

These are forces that counter driving forces.

Restraining Forces

Hinder change because they push the person in the opposite direction

Restraining Forces

Cause a shift in the equilibrium which opposes change.

Equilibrium

State of being where driving forces equal restraining forces and no change occurs.

Equilibrium

Balanced or Static

Equilibrium

can be raised or lowered by changes that occur between the driving and restraining forces.

Unfreezing

the process which involves finding a method of making it possible for people to let go of an old pattern that was counterproductive in some way

Unfreezing

is necessary to overcome the strains of individual resistance and group conformity.

Unfreezing

“Explaining the treatment/prevention”

Change or Moving to a New Level of Changing/Movement

nvolves a process of change in thoughts, feeling, behavior, or all three, that is in some way more liberating or more productive.

Refreezing

establishes the change as a new habit, so that it now becomes the standard operating procedure.

Implementing Stage

In _________ ________, it is important that the stages unfreezing and change can be comprehended and understood by the patient so the implemented behavior will be a progression towards the better, consistent, and sustained.

Health according to Florence Nightingale

is a state of well-being, and using every power the individual possesses to the fullest extent. It is maintained through prevention of disease by environmental health factors

Health according to WHO

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Health according to ANA

A dynamic state of being in which the developmental and behavioral potential of an individual is realized to fullest extent possible

Health according to Clause Bernard

The ability to maintain the internal milieu. Illness is the result of failure to maintain the internal environment.

Health according to Orem

State that is characterize by soundness or wholeness of developed human structures and bodily and mental functions.

Health according to Roy

State and process of being and becoming an integrated and whole person.

Wellness

The maximizing of personal potential and a state of well-being

Wellness

Involves attitudes and behaviors that enhance the quality of life.

Wellness

The loving acceptance of one’s self

PISSOEE (Physical, Intellectual, Social, Spiritual, Occupational, Environmental, Emotional)

Components or Dimensions of Wellness

Physical

the ability to carry out daily tasks, achieve fitness, maintain adequate nutrition.

Social

ability to interact successfully with people and within the environment

Emotional

ability to manage stress and to express emotions appropriately.

Intellectual

ability to learn and use information effectively for personal, family, or career development

Spiritual

the belief in some force that serves to until beings and provide meaning and purpose to life

Occupational

achieve balance between work and leisure time

Environmental

promote health measure that improve the standard of living.

Clinical Model

Most simple model

Clinical Model

Narrowest interpretation of health.

Clinical Model

People are viewed as physiologic systems with related functions and health is identified by the absence of signs and symptoms of disease or injury.

Adaptive Model

Health is a creative process. The aim of the treatment is to restore the ability to adapt or to cope.

Role Performance Model

Ability to fulfill societal roles and work

Role Performance Model

This suggests that if you are unable to perform specific role then you’re not considered as well.

Eudemonistic Model

Health is a condition of actualization or realization of a person’s potential.

Eudemonistic Model

Actualization is the apex of the fully developed personality

Agent-Host Environment Model

Also called ecological model. Originated in the community health work of Leavell and Clark and is used in predicting illness

Health Illness Continuum

Can be used to measure a person’s perceived level of wellness

(1) Clinical, (2) Adaptive, (3) Role Performance, (4) Eudemonistic, (5) Agent-Host Environment

Enumerate the Models of Wellness

Dunn's High Level Wellness Grid

Describes grid in which health axis and environmental axis intersect. It explores the concept of wellness as it relates to the family and he believes that family wellness enhances wellness in individuals.

Travis’ Illness-Wellness Continuum

It illustrates the relationship of the treatment paradigm to the wellness paradigm.

Travis’ Illness-Wellness Continuum

Moving from the center to the left shows a progressively worsening state of health (Sign, Symptom, Disability). Moving to the right of center indicates increasing levels of health and wellbeing (Awareness, Education, Growth).

4+ Model of Wellness

Has four domains of inner self.

Physical, Intellectual, Social, Emotional

Four Domains of Inner Self

Health Status

state of health of an individual at a given time

Health Beliefs

concepts about health that an individual believes.

Health Behaviors

the actions people take to understand their health state, maintain an optimal state of health, prevent illness and injury, and reach their maximum and mental potential.

Internal Variables

describes as non-modifiable variables, things that we cannot change; consists of the following dimensions.

Biological Dimension

genetic makeup, sex, age, and developmental level.

Psychologic Dimension

mind-body interactions and self-concept

Cognitive Dimension

lifestyle choices, spiritual and religious beliefs

External Variables

things that we can modify or alter for us to have a good health.

(1) Environment (2) Standards of living (3) Family and Cultural beliefs (4) Social support method

External Variables

Health Locus of Control Model, Rosenstock's and Becker's Health Model

Health Beliefs Models

Locus of Control

a concept from social learning theory that nurses use to determine whether clients are likely to take action regarding health, that is, whether clients believes that their health status is under their own or client's controls.

Internals

people who believe that they have a major influence on their own health status

Externals

people who believe their health us largely controlled by outside forces.

Becker

modified the health belief model to include three (3) components

Individual Perception, Modifying Factors, Variables likely to affect initiating action

Three Components of Belief Model

Individual Perception

perceived susceptibility (how likely a person would get a disease); perceived seriousness, perceived threat

Modifying Factors

demographic variables; sociopsychological variables; structural variables; cues to action

Variables likely to affect initiating action

perceived benefits to action: perceived barriers to action

Adherence

the extent to which an individual’s behavior coincide with medical or health advice.

Primary Prevention

Performing ways to lessen the experience of illness.

Secondary Prevention

Performing necessary measures before any symptoms occur

Tertiary Prevention

The person is already diagnosed.

Tertiary Prevention

These are the ways to prevent further injury or progression of the disease

Illness

a state in which the person's physical, emotional, intellectual, developmental, or spiritual function are decreased or diminished.