Muscular System
4 Properties of Muscles
- Excitability
- Contractibility
- Extensibility
- Elasticity
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Functions of the Muscular System
- Maintaining posture
1. Spine(?)
- Supporting soft tissue
- Movement
1. Voluntary 2. involuntary 3. heart muscles 4. runnings
- Guarding entrances and exits of the body
1. Opening mouth 2. ‘Making a deposit
- Generate heat and maintain body temp
1. shivering
Types of Muscle Tissue
- Cardiac Muscle * Characteristics * Striated * Involuntary movement * Structure * Proteins for striations (sarcerations) * Thick = Actin * Thin = Myiacyn * Short, cylindrical-shaped, branched cells * They break off from each other. * Un-nucleated * Fibers are formed to create a network * Cells connect to each other at intercalated discs * Connects the cells together. * Location * Makes up walls of the wall * How do they work? * Contract quickly and rhythmically.
- Visceral (smooth) Muscle * Characteristics * Involuntarily contracted * Non-striated * Structure * Flat, short, spindle-shaped cells * Uni-nucleated * Fibers are arranged to form sheets * Location * Lines internal organs, and vessels * How do they work? * Pull action = Peristalsis.
- Skeletal Muscle * Characteristics * Striated * Voluntarily controlled * Attached to bones movement of fibrous tissue * Structure * Lond, cylindrical shaped cells * Multinucleated * Fibers are arranged to form bundles. Many bundles are in a Fascicle. * Location * Entire body * How do they work? * Contract quickly, but can’t stay contracted for long.
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Muscle Movement
- Origin * Start of muscle * ^^Fixed^^
- Insertion * End of the muscle * The part that ^^actually moves^^
- Prime Mover * Muscle that ^^creates^^ the action
- Synergists * Help the movement happen
- Antagonist * Muscle that ^^opposes^^ the action
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Range of Motion
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Flexion
- Extension
- Elevation
- Depression
- Rotation
- Circumduction
- Supination
- Pronation
- Dorsiflexion
- Plantar Flexion
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