U.S. History Midterm

mercantilism

An economic theory that emphasizes the role of the state in managing and regulating trade and commerce to accumulate wealth, primarily through a favorable balance of trade.

Bartolome de Las Casas

A Spanish Dominican friar and missionary who advocated for the rights of Indigenous peoples in the Americas, criticizing the mistreatment and enslavement they faced during the colonial era.

Francis Drake

An English sea captain, privateer, and navigator known for his circumnavigation of the globe and actions against Spanish shipping in the late 16th century.

Indentured Servant

A laborer who agreed to work for a specific number of years in exchange for passage to America and eventual freedom. working for someone else) to work for a period of time to pay your debt (5 to 7 years).

ethnocentrism

the belief in the superiority of one's own culture over others. Judging someone by your culture

savage

a term historically used to describe indigenous peoples, implying a lack of civilization or culture.

created 6-14-1775

the Continental Army by the Second Continental Congress

Philadelphia Convention

meeting when they decide (rich man) 74 people of wealth were invited to a meeting in Philadelphia and 55 showed up to revise the articles of confederation and only 39 signed.

Proclamation of 1763

A law that reserved lands to the west of the Appalachian Mountains as Native American territory. By forbidding colonial settlement and land purchases, the Proclamation helped to settle Pontiac’s War, but it inflamed tensions between British settlers and the imperial gov

Powhatan

a powerful paramount chief/leader, Wahunsenacawh, or the Powhatan Confederacy, a large political and social group of Native American tribes that he led in the Virginia area (later Jamestown)

cod fish

Northern Colony

timber-fur-fish

French Colony

Gold-land-people

Spain

French and Indian War

Collect the taxes to repay from the French and Indian war (a 7 year war) between the British and Indians with French lost. The king's treasury was lowered by spending his money on the War.

Stono Rebellion

Slave uprising in Stono Carolina, in 1739. A group of twenty slaves attacked a country store, killed the two storekeepers, and took the store’s guns, ammunition, and powder. The rebels plundered and burned several plantations.

critical period

when the colonies where no more colonies

Grenville-Townshed

(prime ministers in Great Britain) and they imposed taxes in the colonies. The colonies felt bad because they believed that to be able to pay taxes they needed representation and they didn't have (taxation without representation) . THEY WERE TWO PRIME MINISTERS WHO WERE ASSIGN BY THE KING OF ENGLAND NOT TAXPAYERS 1763-1767.

loyalists

Colonists who remained loyal to Britain during the Revolutionary War, probably numbering around one-fifth of the population in 1776. Colonists supported Britain for many reasons, and loyalists could be found in every region of the country.

Common Sense

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776 that laid out the case for independence. In it, Paine rejected monarchy, urging its replacement with republican government based on the consent of the people. The wildly popular pamphlet influenced public opinion throughout the colonies

feudalism

a system in which people were given land and protection by people of higher rank, and worked and fought for them in return. As feudalism decayed in the West, it gave rise to a mercantile class

rice & indigo

Southern Colonies (how did they sustain themselves, agriculture or crops Virginia, especially in South Carolina(s)

money & land

England

power

The ability to do what you want to do when you want to do

Jacques Cartier

1535 French discoveries of the fertile lands around the Gulf of St. Lawrence, he later returned to the region with a group of settlers in 1541 but the colony they established came to nothing. He got the title of sir and became recognized because was knighted by the king.

Islamic-Moslem

Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand battled to unite the monarchies of Spain, to complete the long campaign known as the Reconquest to eliminate Muslim strongholds on the Iberian Peninsula, and to purify Christianity. They sought to rally support for their efforts to defend Christianity, persecuted Jews and defeat Muslims by traveling throughout their realms with a large entourage, including a choir, impressing everybody with their regal splendor

House of Burgesses

Virginia’s assembly of representatives elected by inhabitants that was established by the Virginia Company and continued after the settlement became royal colony July 1619

Bacon’s Rebellion

A rebellion in1676 led by frontier settler Nathaniel Bacon, who sought to attack both Indians and wealthy planters favored by the Virginia government.

smallpox

brought from Europe to the New World. New Spain, Revolutionary War and slaves in British army

capitalism

Anything you do to make money even if it is illegal at that time there were no laws. Based on profit

They were able to control the land and claim

headright

50 acres of free land granted by the Virginia Company to planters for each indentured servant they purchase

Shay’s Rebellion

during the revolutionary war in Massachusetts, financed the war, money back king, rich people. SHAY said ill pay you but not right now and the other said then we will take your farm and Shay said no”. They manage to keep what they have, Rebellion- is a competition

Uprising (1786-1787) led by farmers centered in western Massachusetts. Dissidents protested tax policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state’s government. Rebellion caused leaders throughout the country to worry about the confederation’s ability to handle civil disorder.

1492

Columbus discovery

“We”

Constitution, "We the People/ us," establishes that the government is for all citizens, not just a select group. 

Prince Henry

The Navigator, son of the Portuguese king, was the most influential advocate of Portuguese exploration. He collected the latest information about sailing techniques and geography, supported new crusades against Muslims, sought fresh sources of trade to fatten Portuguese pocketbooks

476 A.D.

 Fall of the Western Roman Empire (Dark Ages)

People couldn’t leave home

“three-fifths”

A clause in the Constitution stipulating that all people are free person’s plus “three-fifths of all other Persons” would constitute the numerical base for apportioning both representation and taxation. The clause tacitly acknowledged the existence of slavery in the U.S. and gave extra representation to slaveholding states.

bicameralism

describes a legislative body, like the US Congress, that consists of two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. This structure was created during the Constitutional Convention to balance the differing interests of large and small states, with the House representing states by population and the Senate providing equal representation for each state. 

republic

a form of government where power is held by the people and their elected representatives, as defined by the Constitution

Thomas Jefferson

Declaration of Independence

Articles of Confederation

Battles of Lexington and Concord

Valley Forge

West Pennsylvania where George Washington moved his troops into winter quarters.

John Winthrop

a governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony

Federalist

Originally the term for the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1787-1788. In the 1790s, it became the name for one of the two dominant political groups that emerged during that decade.

55

The Philadelphia Convention- they decide (rich man) 74 people of wealth were invited to a meeting in Philadelphia and 55 showed up to revise articles of confederation (document for war) in secrecy. only 39 signs

Treaty of Paris

September 3, 1783, treaty between the U.S. and Britain that ended the Revolutionary War. The treaty acknowledged America’s independence, set its boundaries, and promised the quick withdrawal of British troops from American soil. It failed to recognize Indians as players in the conflict.

Second Continental Congress

Legislative body that governed the American colonies from May 10, 1775, one month after the fighting of Lexington and Concord (through the end of the war) assembled in Philadelphia. It established an army, created its own money, and declared independence. It also conducted the nation’s foreign policy, entering into a critical alliance with France

secrecy

people having power and making it confidential

James Madison

gained election in 1776 to the Virginia Convention, a new Revolutionary assembly. When Madison lost reelection, he was appointed to governor’s council, where he spent the next two years. 1780 served in the Continental Congress as a representative in Virginia.

Olaudah Equiano

Author and former slave sharing how he was kidnapped

land & peace

refers to gaining land through conflict with native americans and obtain temporary periods of peace

federalism

a system of government where power is divided and shared between a central (national) government and state (or local) governments.

compromise

agreement documents

Deism

Many educated colonists change to this follow this movement, looking for God’s plan in nature more than the Bible. Shared ideas of 18th century European Enlightenment thinkers, who tended to agree that science and reason could disclose God’s law in the natural order.

tobacco

Product found on south tobacco

they had the idea of smoking by the Native Americans

Observed that acted different and took it to England and liked it

Herbs

“Drinking smoking”

A native american form of relaxation

B P

Before Present

Princeton-Trenton

Revolutionary war battles led by George Washington

confederacy

is a group together because they want. is a loose A net organization of people (because you have to)

culture

the shared beliefs, language, customs, values, artifacts, and ways of life of a group of people that are learned and transmitted across generations

1660s

period when English were weakest colony

history

study of past events

demography

statistics in humans

archeology

remaining

1607

first group that comes to Jamestown. religious freedom (pilgrims), new opportunities, didn’t used to work rich people and thought the wealth was there and some died. They wanted to get out of England. 

Thomas Hutchinson

Albany Congress, Boston Massacre, boycotts, a royal governor for Massachusetts 1771, promoted a plan of union to consolidate the colonies’ Indian policy and failed (Albany Plan Union), Stamp Act and Tea Act of 1773