Extra CNIM Materials

What is sterilization?

Decontamination of microbes

What is disinfection?

Process of cleaning to eliminate pathogens from surfaces and objects.

What is cleaning?

The removal of dirt, dust, and impurities from surfaces, which can help reduce the presence of germs and allergens.

How does TB spread?

Primarily through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

What is standards precautions?

A set of guidelines designed to prevent the transmission of infections in healthcare settings. These precautions include practices such as hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, and safe handling of potentially contaminated materials.

What is droplet precautions?

Infection control measures aimed at preventing the transmission of infectious agents spread by respiratory droplets.

What is contact precautions?

Infection control strategies to prevent the spread of infections through direct or indirect contact with contaminated surfaces or individuals.

What is autoclave used for?

An autoclave is used for sterilizing medical instruments and equipment by using high-pressure steam.

What is the sodium potassium pump?

Membrane transport protein that moves sodium ions out of and potassium ions into cells.

What does GABA do?

A neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve transmission in the brain, helping to regulate anxiety, muscle tension, and overall brain activity.

What does SEVO do to SSEP signals?

Decreases sensory evoked potential signals, potentially affecting the monitoring of neural function during anesthesia.

What are the nerve roots for PTN?

The nerve roots are primarily from the L4 to S3 spinal segments.

Damage to ventral nerve roots cause what?

Loss of motor function and reflexes.

What are the nerve roots for the ulnar nerve?

Primarily originate from the C8 and T1 spinal segments.

At what temperature is the N20 signal lost?

N20 signal is lost at temperatures below 25°C.

At what temperature is the P14 signal lost?

P14 signal is lost at temperatures below 30°C.

What do anti-muscarines/cholinergies do?

Control vagal reflxes

What is 1 MAC do?

Concentration of anesthetic required to prevent movement in 50% of patients in response to a surgical stimulus.

What specific property does desflurane have?

Analgesic properties

What could 1.5 of MAC do to MEP signals?

It may significantly reduce or abolish motor evoked potential signals.

How would NOS affect SSEPs?

Significantly depress somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) by 75%.

Another name for remifentanyl?

Ultiva

How much sevoflurane to achieve 1 MAC?

1.7%

How much DES to achieve 1 MAC?

6.0%

How much nitrous oxide to achieve 1 MAC?

105%

How much isoflurane to achieve 1 MAC?

1.2%

Can desflurane cause seizures?

Desflurane is the gas that can cause seizures, particularly in susceptible individuals.

Can enflurane cause seizures?

Yes, enflurane can cause seizures, especially at higher concentrations.

How much NOS is typically given during surgery?

Less than 70% is administered during surgery.

What is nutroprusside?

The intravenous (IV) fluids for hypotension.

What is a normal adult heart rate?

A normal adult heart rate typically ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute at rest.

What is a normal child heart rate?

The normal heart rate for children varies by age, typically ranging from 70 to 120 beats per minute.