CSCI 3200: Ethics in Computer Science - Quizzes 1-6 Open-Ended Questions ONLY

The _____ theory that is considered for modern ethical frameworks is derived from the Greek word meaning goal or end.

teleological

A _____ implies a requirement that the holder of this right be provided with whatever one needs to pursue one's legitimate interests.

positive right

The need to consider the interests and perspectives of the affected parties in assessing alternative action plans, the other's moral and legal rights, and our duty to treat the other as an end and not as a means, all stand in opposition to the dangerous and myopic philosophy of _____, which is blind to the rights and aspirations of others.

ethical egoism

The ethical theory proposed by _____ has three major characteristics: it is ontocentric, ecological, and patient-oriented.

Floridi

The ethical theory developed by _____ has three major characteristics: ontocentric ethics, ecological macroethics, and information ethics.

Floridi

The ethical theory of _____ is commonly used in biomedical ethics to constitute prima facie duties, and has become popularized through the work of Beauchamp and Childress.

principlism

The First Principle of Morality states: keep one's choices open to _____, the fulfillment of all persons and communities.

integral human fulfillment (IHF)

One principal of practical reason is the norm forbidding the taking of _____.

innocent life

_____ works by breaking up a message into fixed-sized units.

Package switching

_____ establishes a unique numeric address for each system connected to the internet.

IP

The heart of the internet's original design is a network architectural standard that was first called the _____ principle, where intelligence is located at the ends but not in the network itself.

end-to-end

The last three letters of a web address indicate a(n) _____ identification, such as .edu stands for education.

top-level

Because search algorithms are proprietary technology, the opacity of the search process threatens the ideal of equal and fair access to _____ information.

objective

Because Google used a(n) ___ search technology that provided better results and was free of spam, it quickly became the favorite search tool.

PageRank

Google's dominance has concerned regulators that Google will _____ internet search and use that as a lever to gain control over other online industries.

monopolize

The fundamental question regarding search engine technology is whether users are getting _____ results when they initiate a search.

unbiased

Because users such as NASA rely on this tool for communications, _____ is primed to become the "epicenter of the Web."

Twitter

Facebook and Twitter are examples of ___.

Social Networks

A challenge facing university administrators is their hesitation to ___ on social apps, even when offensive content is posted.

censor content

Because the internet was designed as a(n) _____ global technology, it is difficult for governments to enforce laws or restrictions.

borderless

_____ handles ordinary and routine technical matters such as the determination of technical standards and the management of domain names and IP addresses.

governance

Due to strong _____ programs, it is more difficult for the state to conduct surveillance on confidential electronic communications.

encryption

Companies such as Facebook and Google rely largely on lucrative _____ of their users.

personal information

Mobile devices have opened a new controversy about access to adult sites. ____ is a company that censors apps, and they will not allow for availability any apps that have pornographic content.

Apple

Freedom and free expression are fundamental human rights, but these and other rights can only be reasonably exercised in a context of mutual respect and common acceptance of certain moral norms, which are often referred to as the ____.

public morality

Some philosophers argue that playing vivid video games cultivates insensitivity to human suffering and a lack of ____.

empathy

Unlike obscenity and libel, ____ is not illegal under U.S. federal law and is fully protected by the First Amendment.

hate speech

____ has helped many bottom-up movements like Black Lives Matter and the Tea Party to mobilize their members.

Twitter

By encrypting a message and routing that message through a series of remailers, a user can ensure that his or her message will remain _____.

anonymous and confidential

_____ is defined as the "coordinated production of information by an authority with the intent of competing with or distracting from information the authority would rather not access."

Flooding

_____ censorship is a type of incomplete censorship used in China to avoid more obvious repression that would likely ignite popular backlash.

Porous

Copyright laws allow for _____ where copyrighted literary works can be quoted and a small segment of a video work can be displayed for limited purposes such as classroom instruction.

fair use

To be eligible for a(n) _____ the invention must be a process, machine, or composition of matter that is unknown or unused by others before being awarded.

patent

The Copyright Term Extension Act extends the term for copyright protection another _____ years.

20

An issue that had not been fully addressed in prior acts, but was singled out in the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, is the _____ liability, the liability of third parties for copyright infringement of others.

intermediary

To state the _____ theory more simply, we should provide enough intellectual property protection to serve as an inducement for future innovation.

utilitarian

_____ is software such as Adobe's Acrobat Reader that is distributed with the source code at no charge.

Freeware

A(n) _____ license allows a user to redistribute the open source code with modifications or enhancements, but only under the same open source license under which that user received that code.

copyleft

Because MP3 files are unsecured, they can be distributed easily through the internet and lead to the potential for _____, the illegal copying and distributing of music.

piracy

When someone registers a domain name like googlesucks.com, the practice is referred to as _____.

cyber griping

Because many of the new business patents were for online business methods, they became known as _____.

Cyberpatents

A prominent technology that gives content providers enhanced control over their material is known as _____, where content providers distribute work in cyberspace in an encrypted form accessible only by users with this type of hardware or software.

trusted systems

Individuals need _____ over their personal data to ensure restricted access to it.

Control

A(n) _____ is placed across a network of related sites so that users' movements can be tracked not just within a certain site but within any site that is part of this network.

Third-party cookie

_____ are small data files that are written and stored on the user's hard disk drive by a website to track the user when the user visits that site.

Cookies

The _____ approach for protecting consumer privacy is when individuals explicitly approve secondary uses of their personal data.

Opt-in

This type of controversial tracking system, a(n) _____, is placed across a network of related sites so that the movements of users can be tracked not just on the initial site but on all related sites of that network.

third-party cookie

_____ is when an email is sent to a user that looks authentic but takes them to a link where they are asked to enter sensitive personal information.

Phishing

A(n) _____ is a self-replicating program usually hidden away in another host program or file that can disrupt a computer.

Virus

_____ travel automatically from one computer to another across network connections.

Worms

The two types of malware that form ransomware are the _____ designed to spread from one computer to another and the _____ that is delivered by it. Note: Separate the two answers with a semicolon (;).

worm; encrypting software

_____ involves the unauthorized duplication of proprietary software and the distribution or making available of those copies over the network.

Software piracy

Embedded in iTunes is a Digital Rights Management tool called ____ that limits the distribution of iTunes music.

fairplay

A(n) _____ combines hacking and political activism.

hacktivist

____ break into computer systems to steal data or plant worms.

Hackers

_____ filtering has emerged as a tool to stop DoS attacks because of the ability to filter incoming and outgoing packets.

Router-based

When using a key management infrastructure system, a certification authority functions as a digital _____ to verify the identity of the individual associated with a given key.

notary public

Because governments have been apprehensive about exporting sophisticated encryption systems due to the worry of international terrorism, governments have sought to gain a sort of regulation through _____ access.

backdoor

The United States has retreated from its impulse to regulate _____ but there is no guarantee that it will not impose new regulations.

encryption