P3 - Particle Model of Matter

Solids, liquids and gases diagram, density practical eureka can, eureka can diagrams, state changes graph, gas pressure diagram,

Solids

Strong forces of attraction, fixed, regular arrangement vibrate in fixed positions

Liquids

Weaker forces of attraction, irregular arrangement, random directions, high speed

Gases

Almost no forces of attraction, random directions, high speed

Measuring density

Use a eureka can to measure volume of irregular solids

Internal energy =

kinetic energy + potential

Internal energy

energy is being put in, but it’s breaking intermolecular bonds rather than increasing temperature

E (energy) =

mL (mass x specific latent heat)

specific latent heat

energy needed to change 1kg of a substance from one state to another without changing its temperature

SLH of fusion

cooling

SLH of vaporisation

heating

temperature of gas wavy =

kinetic energy

gas pressure

force of particle collisions exerted at right angles to the surface (total force exerted by all the particles on the container walls

faster particles

more collisions

Inc gas pressure

Inc net pressure

Higher volume

less collisions

Dec gas pressure

Dec net pressure

Pv (pressure x volume) =

Constant

If you transfer energy by applying force…

you do work

Doing work on a gas increases its…

internal energy, which increases it the temperature