The Respiratory System in Domestic Animals

These flashcards cover key concepts, structures, and functions of the respiratory system across different domestic animal species.

What are the two main divisions of the respiratory tract?

The upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract.

What structures make up the upper respiratory tract?

Nose, nasal cavities, and paranasal sinuses.

What structures make up the lower respiratory tract?

Larynx, trachea, and lungs.

What is the function of the nasal cavities?

Olfaction, humidification, warming air, and cleaning air.

What are the parts between the nasal cavity and the cranial cavity?

Ethmoid, nasal part of frontal, rostrums of the presphenoid.

Name the three anatomical regions of the nasal cavity.

Rostral nasal cavity, middle nasal cavity, and caudal nasal cavity.

What is the philtrum?

The vertical groove between the nose and upper lip.

What are the nasal conchae?

Coiled structures that increase the surface area of the nasal cavity for air filtering and warming.

How does the nasal cavity communicate with the nasopharynx?

Through the choanae.

What is the role of the paranasal sinuses?

To reduce the weight of the skull and enhance resonance of the voice.

What sinuses are present in all domestic species?

Frontal and maxillary sinuses.

What animal has a planum rostrale?

The pig.

What is the function of the maxillary sinus in dogs?

It communicates freely with the nasal cavity.

Which animal's frontal sinus extends to the nuchal region?

The pig and ox.

Describe the role of nasal glands in marine birds.

They secrete a hypertonic NaCl solution to enable seabirds to drink seawater.

What bones form the structure of the external nose in domestic animals?

Nasal bones, maxillae, and palatine bones.

What distinguishes the appearance of the external nose in ruminants and carnivores?

The planum nasale in small ruminants and carnivores.

What is the role of the nasal cartilages?

To support and shape the external nose.

What is the common nasal meatus?

The passageway that is formed between the dorsal and ventral nasal conchae.

Which nasal conchae are the ethmoidal conchae classified under?

The caudal system.

What is the importance of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone?

It separates the nasal cavity from the cranial cavity.

What is the alar cartilage?

The cartilage that supports the rounded structures of the nostrils.

How does the structure of the external nose differ among species?

Variations exist in form, size, and orientation of the nostrils.

What is the purpose of mucus in the nasal cavity?

To trap particles and pathogens, aiding in cleansing the air.

Identify the location of the choanae.

They are located at the caudal end of the nasal cavity, opening into the nasopharynx.

What is the significance of the maxillary recess in horses?

It connects to the middle nasal meatus, influencing respiration.

What feature of nasal cavities supports olfactory functions?

The highly vascularized mucosa.

Differences in size and structure of nasal cavities between species are linked to what primary function?

They are adapted for olfaction and respiration based on ecological niches.

How do the nasal conchae assist in thermoregulation?

By increasing the surface area for air to warm as it passes through.

What is a characteristic of pig nasal anatomy?

The sulci that allows more efficient rooting and foraging.

What type of mucosa lines the paranasal sinuses?

Respiratory mucosa.

What anatomical feature connects the conchofrontal sinus to the nasal cavity in horses?

The caudal maxillary sinus.

Explain the term ‘planum nasolabiale.’

It refers to the large, flat area of the nose in oxen.

What is the role of the infraorbital canal?

It houses the infraorbital nerve and vessels serving the nasal cavity.

What anatomical considerations are important for nasal surgery in cattle?

Care must be taken to avoid damaging sinuses and surrounding structures.

What evidence is provided that the horse has a convoluted sinus system?

The complex structure of the frontal and maxillary sinuses.

Why is it important to understand species-specific differences in the respiratory system?

To provide appropriate veterinary care and surgical intervention.

What is a notable adaptation of bird nasal anatomy?

The presence of a nasal salt gland for osmoregulation.

How does the structure of the nasal septum vary among different species?

It varies in robustness and morphology based on species needs.

What is the statistical importance of studying respiratory anatomy in domestic animals?

It aids in understanding diseases and treatments affecting respiration.

What is the main function of paranasal sinuses?

To lighten the skull and provide resonance for vocalization.

In what way do nasal passages contribute to the overall wellbeing of domestic animals?

By facilitating breathing and olfactory functions essential for survival.

What specific role does vascularization of the nasal mucosa play?

It helps in warming the inhaled air for better oxygen absorption.

How does the presence of nasal diverticulum in certain animal species function?

It may aid in increasing the sense of smell or help in thermoregulation.

Why are nasal passages and cavities important in veterinary medicine?

They are critical for diagnosing respiratory conditions and anatomical abnormalities.

What structural differences exist in the upper respiratory tract of small ruminants compared to horses?

Small ruminants possess a more prominent planum nasale compared to the horse's smoother nasal structure.

Describe the respiratory function of the larynx in domestic animals.

It functions as a warbler for sound production, in addition to protecting the trachea against food aspiration.