abnormal final

which of the following is the basic syndrome that characterizes every anxiety disorder

which of the following is the basic syndrome that characterizes every anxiety disorder

generalized anxiety disorder

to all of the following included in natural environment specific phobias have the exception of

animal phobia

which part of the brain is associated with anxiety

limbic system

anxiety is thought to be a _____ state while fear is ____

future, present

the main difference between situational phobia and agoraphobia

people with situational phobia never experience panic attacks outside the context of the phobic situation

unlike most of the anxiety disorders in which female suffers dominate the sex ratio is almost equal in

social phobia

for generalized anxiety disorder the pharmacological treatment of choice is

benzodiazepines

one difference between panic disorder and ptsd

panic attack alarm is false and ptsd the initial alarm is true

the compulsions that an individual uses to suppress disastrous consequences can be

either behavioral or mental

the main feature of personality disorders is

they relate to more ingrained and permanent features

which personality disorder does not fit :

antisocial , paranoid , schizoid , schizotypal

antisocial

the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder presumes diagnosis of what

conduct disorder

given the available interventions strategies for specific learning disorder is

systematic instruction and teaching for mastery

the fact that reading disorders occur mostly in english speaking countries is due to

difficulty of english language

what is true about iq and learning disorders

anyone can have a learning disorder regardless of iq

what constitutes abnormal behavior

atypical or not culturally expected

when would we diagnose a behavior disorder

when there is consistent display of abnormal behavior

what is prevalence

the percent of population that suffers from the condition

what is incidence

new cases that are diagnosed

chronic

lifelong, no cure, symptoms may come and go

episodic

quick decline with medication, improvement within 6 months

diagnosis

identifies the disorder

prognosis

good vs guarded

good prognosis

patient is expected to fully recover

guarded prognosis

uncertain outcome, doesn’t look good

blood

sanguine, cheerful or positive

black bile

depressed or melancholic

phlegm

apathy and sluggishness

yellow choleric bile

hot tempered

dark ages

people are not in charge of their behaviors, book of destiny is prewritten, nothing we can do to help

deviance

battle of good vs evil within their head, treatment included drilling a hole in the skull so evil can escape

17th century

belief of body and soul , they interact and talk through a small gland in the brain

franz gall

identified areas of the brain and what they correspond to physically

phrenology theory

behavior is not a separate entity

renaissance period

change in understandings of mental disorders, severe disorders were sent to mental institution and chained and mistreated

id

irrational, is blind, does not tolerate delayed gratification, devil on shoulder, born when we are born

ego

logical, mediator for id, develops as child develops moral values

superego

conscious, the seed or moral principles, angel on shoulder, results in defense mechanisms like projection denial and repression

cognitive model

our interpretation of environment that drives behavior

humanistic existential approach

concept of self discrepancy between ideal and real self

diathesis stress model of mental disorder

vulnerability, what is the background we are dealing with, genetic predisposition

dysthymia

generally functional but a sad person , diagnosed if lasting 2+ years, chronic

double depression

major depressive episodes on top of dysthymic disorder, does not recover to premorbid baseline

bipolar 1

alternation between major depressive and manic episodes

bipolar 2

alternation of major depressive and hypomanic episodes, moody

cyclothymia

alternation of mild depression and hypomania, never know what you’re going to get, no middle ground, unpredictable

anhedonia

the person is unable to experience pleasure from previous pleasurable events

slowing

person becomes slow in moving/thinking

negative cognitions

life is not worth living, no light at end of tunnel

alogia

poverty of speech, cannot articulate, speaks in one syllable (yes no okay)

peripartum

depression during/after childbirth

seasonal depression

irritability, hypersomia, increased appetite, phototherapy as an effective treatment

relationship between anxiety and depression

almost all depressed people are anxious but not all anxious people are depressed

learned helplessness

people who believe they can’t improve in life and will not try

positive (schizophrenia)

active manifestations/delusions, hallucinations, distortions of normal behavior, exaggerations

negative (schizophrenia)

avolition, alogia, anhedonia, asociality, affective flattening

delusions

false beliefs

thought broadcasting

person thinks everyone can hear their thoughts

thought insertion

person thinks their thoughts are not their own

paranoia/persecutory

thinking people are after them

identity (schizophrenia)

thinking they are someone else (santa)

grandiose

believing they are invincible

magical thinking

thinking that things happen because they thought or wanted them

ideas of reference

thinking they are the chosen one

clairvoyance

thinking they can see through walls, thinking they know in real time what someone they know is doing

auditory hallucinations

hearing voices, only time they realize is when they hear command voices as if they are being told to harm themselves or someone else

catatonia

person does not move for long periods of time

reuptake

process of reabsorption of a neurotransmitter from the synapse to the presynaptic neuron

agonist

medication that intensifies the activity of a neruotransmitter

parietal lobe

body sensations

occipital lobe

visual processing

frontal lobe

controls emotions

temporal lobe

auditory processing

ssri

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, blocks reuptake of serotonin

mao inhibitors

medication blocking enzyme mao to slow down the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

cognitive therapy

correcting negative cognitive schemas identifying errors in thinking

interpersonal therapy

resolving problems in relationships

behavioral therapy

increased exposure to positive events

tricyclic antidepressants

blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine

substance induced psychotic disorder

delusions and hallucinations developed soon after intake of substance or medication

delusional disorder

persistent belief that is contrary to reality

brief psychotic disorder

presence of positive symptoms lasting one month or less

schizoaffective disorder

present of symptoms of schizophrenia and mood disorder

schizophreniform disorder

presence of full blown positive symptoms lasting less than 6 months

schizophrenia

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking

fear

immediate, present oriented

anxiety

apprehensive, future oriented

fight/flight

alarm/escape response

agoraphobia

fear or avoidance of situations/events

specific phobia

extreme and irrational fear of a specific object or situation

generalized anxiety disorder

excessive worry, restlessness

social anxiety

intense fear of being watched or judged by others

separation anxiety

childhood disorder, excessive concern worry or dread of separation from attachment figure

selective mutism

inability to speak in certain social situations

cluster a

odd or eccentric behavior, schizoid, schizotypal, paranoid

schizoid

cold and detached, appear to neither enjoy nor desire relationships

schizotypal

psychotic like symptoms, magical thinking

paranoid

distrustful, paranoia

cluster b

dramatic, emotional, erratic

antisocial

social predators, violate the rights of others, lack of conscious empathy and remorse