Abrahamic Faiths

who was Gabriel

angel of revelation, heavenly messenger

differences of Abraham covenant between faiths

Jews: covenant goes only for their people

Christianity and Muslims: covenant goes for all mankind

creeds and beliefs

* golden rule
* monotheism
* covenant with Abraham to keep faith in God
* Revelation - God communicating with humans
* Prophets - people God revealed himself to

Moses

* led Hebrews out of slavery
* spoke with God and received 10 commandments on Mount Sinai
* covenant of Moses renewed the one he made with Abraham

Abraham and Sarah covenant

* Abraham offers his son Isaac to show God his dedication
* God will protect the land and expand their families only if they follow the path of God

fulfilling covenant in Islam

Muhammad is fulfillment of Jesus’ ministry

fulfilling covenant in Christianity

Jesus fulfills covenant for humanity

fulfilling covenant in Judaism

following laws by first 5 books of bible fulfills covenant until savior returns

core beliefs about who God is

1. God is creator of everything
2. God governs universe with justice and honour
3. nothing happens without God
4. God is spirit therefore invisible
5. God is one

2nd creation story (genesis)

reveals how sin has separated humanity from God

1st creation story (genesis)

reveals God as loving creator and humanity as inherently good

3 key events in Genesis

1. creation
2. covenant with Abraham and Sarah
3. covenant with moses

Genesis

1st book of bible in Old Testament discussing origins of the universe

Abu Bakr

new caliph after Muhammad died

Islam historical events

* Muhammad receives Qur’an
* Muhammad receives revelation on Mount Hira
* Muhammad’s teachings were unwelcome, people turned against him
* Mecca accepted Islam after disputes, Muhammad returned to Medina
* Muhammad returned to Mecca once more, creating pilgrimage ritual

Shi’ite/Shia belief on who succeeds Muhammad

blood relation

Sunni belief on who succeeds Muhammad

best suited for the role

major split in Islam

Sunni and Shia/Shi’ite couldn’t agree on who succeeds Muhammad

5 pillars of Islam

1. Creed (Shahadah)
2. Prayer (Salat)
3. Almsgiving (Zakat)
4. Fasting (Sawm)
5. Pilgrimage (Hajj)

Shariah law (3 books)

Qur’an, Sunna, Hadith

Allah (Islam)

creator of all things, sent prophets to warn people to return to justice and mercy

Tawhid (Islam)

unity of God

Qur’an

advice on how to worship, behave and see the world

Islamic creed

Shahadah, sums up Muslim scripture

Josef Mengele

performed medical experiments during Holocaust

Orthodox Judaism

don’t want to water down Jewish faith, men and women separate, can only be passed down to child through mother

conservative Judaism

rose in reaction to reform, many but not all commandments and traditions, active participation in synagogue

reform Judaism

interpret scripture in modern ways, women can be rabbis, individualism encouraged

3 types of Judaism

1. reform
2. conservative
3. orthodox

major Jewish beliefs

kosher, Sherma, one God who established covenant with them, God communicates through prophets, Messiah hasn’t come yet

Jewish sacred text

Torah, Talmud, Halakhah, Tankah

Jewish sacred creed

Shema Yisrael

zionism

movement with purpose of creating Jewish state in Palestine (modern day Israel)

the Holocaust

Nazi Germany’s deliberate attempt to exterminate Jewish race

the enlightenment

intellectual freedom, increased books and education, understanding rights

3 major events in shaping Judaism

1. the enlightenment
2. the Holocaust
3. zionism

diaspora

135 CE, romans expelled jews from Judaea, forcing them to take refuge in other countries, dispersing and scattering jews

St. Peter and St. Paul

formed Christian communities, established church in Rome, put to death for refusing to renounce faith in Jesus

key places of Christianity

Nazareth, Bethlehem, Jerusalem, Rome, Galilee

foundation stones of Christianity

1. keeping alive memory of Jesus
2. professing the one faith
3. the ministers of the church
4. ecumenical movement

ecumenical movement

uniting all faith groups to live peacefully on earth together in solidarity

results of reformation

1. council of Trent
2. The society of Jesus
3. The revival of spirituality

who made Anglicanism

King Henry VIII

who made the Mennonites

Menno Simons

anabaptist religion

people who didn’t identify with Luther or Calvin

who made Calvinism

John Calvin

who made Lutheranism

Martin Luther

4 main protestant branches

* lutheranism
* calvinism
* anabaptists
* anglicanism

the reformation

new branches of western christianity

conflict (east and west split reason)

* eastern felt threat of Muslim armies around Constantinople
* Christian armies attacked Constantinople
* Byzantine empire fell to Muslim empire, Christianity in Constantinople declined
* Christians faced persecution

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creed (east and west split reason)

“and the son” added to nicene creed, east believed it undermined God

icons (east and west split reason)

western church thought east went too far worshipping icons

Why East and West split occurred

1. Icons
2. creed
3. conflict

Monasteries in the west

centered church around practices, places of stability and teachings

theology of St. Augustine

wrote about vision of God and church, addressed controversies, teachings were a new way of life

role of scripture

bible unified European communities, united teachings and developed church

structure of the church

church remained the same, specific leaders with distinct tasks

Christianity after collapse of Roman Empire

1. structure of the church
2. role of scriptures
3. theology of St. Augustine
4. monasteries in the west

Orthodox Christian belief

Jesus = head of church

church = body of Christ

Orthodox Christianity

east developed this with own church structures, traditions and customs

excommunication

banishment from religious group

pope and patriarch in Constantinople excommunicated each other, divided church

eucharist

west uses unleavened bread, only priests and bishops have blood

east uses leavened bread and has blood

filioque clause

the west saying “and the son” in creed, East thought it took away from significance of God

reasons for the Great Schism

filioque Clause, eucharist, excommunication

the Great Schism

east (Orthodox, Greece) and west (Roman Catholic, Latin) separation

Itchthus

Christians being persecuted by Romans drew half a fish, if someone completed it, safe to talk to them about faith

Jesus

crucified, suffered for sins of humanity

Jesus’ ministry

* sought social justice and equality for all
* challenged his faith

first Christians

Mary, Joseph, Apostles

first Christian’s beliefs

new covenant of Jesus is fulfillment of God’s covenant with Israel