Kines 202 Exam 2

Label the bones of the feet

A. Talus

B. Calcaneus

C.Cuboid

D. Navicular

E.Lateral cuneiform

F. Intermediate cuneiform

G. Medial cuneiform

H. Metatarsals (1-5)

I. Proximal Phalange (1-5)

J. Middle Phalange (2-5)

K. Distal Phalange (1-5)

Label the parts of each of these short bones

Base= proximal

Head=distal

Middle= Shaft

True or False all 14 phalanges have a base, shaft, and head?

True; all 14 phalanges have a base, head, and shaft

What 2 sesamoid bones are in the foot?

2 sesamoid bones are found under the tendon of the flexor hallucis brevis, used to disperse motion for running

What is the purpose of the arch of the foot?

for shock absorption

What 3 arches do we have in our foot?

medial longitudinal arch-determines foot type

lateral longitudinal arch

transverse arch

What are the 3 different types of arches that are determined by the medial longitudinal arch?

Pes rectus- normal arch

Pes cavus- high arch

Pes planus- flat arch

Label these joints A-F

A. Metatarsophalangeal joint

B. Proximal Interphalangeal Joint

C. Distal Interphalangeal Joint

D. Interphalangeal Joint

E. Tarsometatarsal Joint

F. Intermetatarsal Joint

Label the two joints A and B, and what movements they do.

A. Talocrural Joint, Plantar Flexion and Dorsiflexion

B. Subtalar Joint, Ankle Eversion and Inversion

What is the function of the subtalar joint?

tri-planar motion- supination, pronation

Label the ligaments from A-D

A. Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament

B. Anterior Talofibular Ligament

C. Calcaneofibular Ligament

D. Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament

Label each ligament from A-D

A. Plantar Calcaneonavicular (Spring) Ligament (makes up arch)

B.Tibiocalcaneal Ligament

C. Posterior Tibiotalar Ligament

D. Anterior Tibiotalar Ligament

E. Tibionavicular Ligament

What ligament is on the bottom of the foot?

Long Plantar ligament, from the Calcaneus to the 2nd-5th Metatarsals

What other 3 ligaments make up the plantar fascia?

helps maintain longitudinal arch, includes medial band, central band, and lateral band

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the foot?

intrinsic= bone origin and insertion are in the foot

extrinsic= bone origin is out of the foot and insertion is in the foot

What are the plantar layers and muscles are included in them?

1st Layer- flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi

2nd Layer- lumbricals and quadratus plantae

3rd LAYER- flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis (2), flexor digiti minimi brevis

4th Layer- plantar interossei, and dorsal interossei

What muscle, layer, action and innervation is this?

muscle= flexor digitorum brevis

layer= 1st layer

action= flexes digits

innervation=medial plantar nerve

What muscle, layer, action and innervation is this?

muscle= abductor hallucis

layer= 1st layer

action= abducts 1st digit

innervation= medial plantar nerve

What muscle, layer, action and innervation is this?

muscle= abductor digiti minimi

layer= 1st layer

action= abducts and flexes the 5th metatarsal

innervation= lateral plantar nerve

What muscle, layer, action and innervation is this?

muscle= quadratus plantae

layer= 2nd layer

action= assists in flexor digitorum longus, flexes digits

innervation= lateral plantar nerve

What muscle, layer, action and innervation is this?

muscle= lumbricals

layer= 2nd layer

action= flexes and extends digits 2-5 b/c they attach extrinsically and inserts in foot

innervation= lateral plantar nerve

What muscle, layer, action and innervation is this?

muscle= flexor hallucis brevis

layer= 3rd layer

action= flexes 1st digit

innervation= medial plantar nerve

What muscle, layer, action and innervation is this?

muscle= adductor hallucis (oblique head)

layer= 3rd layer

action= adducts the metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe

innervation= lateral plantar nerve

What muscle, layer, action and innervation is this?

muscles= adductor hallucis (transverse head)

layer= 3rd layer

action= adducts metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe

innervation=lateral plantar nerve

What muscle, layer, action and innervation is this?

muscle= flexor digiti brevis

layer= 3rd layer

action= flexes 5th phalange

innervation= lateral plantar nerve

What muscle, layer, action and innervation is this?

muscle= plantar interossei (3)

layer= 4th layer

action= adducts and flexes 3rd, 4th, and 5th toe

innervation= lateral plantar nerve

What muscle, layer, action and innervation is this?

muscle= dorsal interossei (D.A.B)

layer= 4th layer

action= abduction of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th toes

innervation= lateral plantar nerve

What muscles are dorsal intrinsic muscles?

1. extensor digitorum brevis

2. extensor hallucis brevis

What muscle, action and innervation is this?

muscle= extensor digitorum brevis

action= helps extensor digitorum longus, extends toes 2-4

innervation= deep peroneal nerve

What muscle, layer, action and innervation is this?

muscle= extensor hallucis brevis

action= helps extensor hallucis longus, extends great toe

innervation= deep peroneal nerve

What two vascular arteries supply the foot?

1. Anterior tibial artery

2. Posterior tibial artery

Label the menisci and ligaments

A.Medial Menisci

B.Lateral Menisci

C.Infrapatellar tendon

D. Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Label this ligament

A. Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Label this ligament

A. Medial Collateral Ligament

Label this Ligament

A. Lateral Collateral Ligament

What type of joint in the tibiofibular joint?

amphiarthrodial (syndesmosis)

What is membrane is in between the Tibia and Fibula

Interosseous Membrane

Action of Subtalar Joint

eversion and inversion on the frontal plane

Action of Talocrural Joint

plantar flexion and dorsiflexion on the sagittal plane

Action of Tibiofibular Joint

Gliding

Difference between Open and Closed Kinetic Chain

Open Kinetic Chain= both feet off the ground/ in the air

Close Kinestic Chain= some [art of the foot is on the floor, usually leads to sprains

CKC Pronation joints

Subtalar: eversion

Forefront: abduction

Talocrural: plantar flexion

OKC Supination joints

Subtalar: inversion

Forefront: adduction

Talocrural: dorsiflexion

muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower leg

Anterior Tibialis, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus, and Peroneus Tertius

Label this muscle from A-C

A. Tibialis Anterior

B. Extensor Hallucis Longus

C. Extensor Digitorum Longus

Label this muscle

Peroneus Tertius