Chapter 2 Earth's Physical Systems: Matter, Energy, and Geology

Within each water molecule, ________ connect(s) two hydrogens to every oxygen.

covalent bond

Why are both ends of each water molecule positive and the middle negative?

oxygen has a greater pull on the electrons than hydrogen.

What property of water is due to hydrogen bonds?

ability to absorb a great deal of heat.

Hydrogen bonds are due to

positive regions of one water molecule to negative regions of other water molecules.

______ are composed of amino acids

proteins

_____ include the steroid hormones that determine sexual development

lipids

Skin, hair, muscles, and enzymes are all made up of ________.

proteins

Which of the following represents chemosynthesis?

carbon dioxide + water + hydrogen sulfide = sugar + sulfuric acid

_______ is defined as the number of protons of an element

atomic number a

a carbohydrate commonly stored as energy in plant tissues?

starch

Cellular respiration _____

release carbon dioxide and water.

precipitation ________.

this is acidic has a high concentration of hydrogen ions .

Water running through a damn to produce electricity is best described as a form of

kinetic energy

When you burn a log in your fireplace you are converting ________.

chemical to thermal energy

during photosynthesis within plants,______.

there is net consumption of water and carbon dioxide.

the smallest component of elements that still maintain the chemical properties of the element.

atoms

negatively charged particles

electrons

elements with the same atomic number but with different atomic masses

isotopes

elements or molecules with a charge

ions

charged particles located in the nucleus

protons

Combination of elements held together with bonds

molecules

_________ are primary water-insoluble components of cell membranes.

A)Nucleic acids
B)Carbohydrates
C)Acids
D)Lipids
E)Proteins

D (lipids)

plastics are ________.

A) synthetic proteins

B)naturally occurring macromolecules

C)moldable, petroleum-based hydrocarbons

D)unstable and break down easily

E)assembled by enzymes in cell

C (moldable, petroleum-based hydrocarbons)

which of the following reactions represents cellular respiration?

A)water + carbon dioxide + energy → glucose + oxygen + water

B)glucose + water → methane + carbon dioxide

C)nitrogen + carbon dioxide + energy → methane + oxygen

D)carbon dioxide + water + hydrogen sulfide → sugar + sulfuric acid

E)glucose + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide + energy

b ( glucose + water...)

________ cause water molecules to interact and adhere to one another.

A)Non-polar covalent bonds
B)Hydrogen bonds
C)Acid-base attractions
D)Polar covalent bonds
E)Van der Waals Attractions

18

hydrogen bonds

which of the following describes a property of pure water?

A)acidic pH
B)can hold many molecules in solution
C)molecules are non-cohesive
D)changes temperature rapidly
E)more dense as a solid

19

molecules are non-cohesive

We use ____ to catalyze the chemical reactions of digestion.

A)nucleic acids
B)isotopes
C)polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
D)enzymes
E)alcohol molecules

21

d (enzymes)

forming the cell walls of stems, leaves, and roots. What compound is the primary structural constituent of plant tissues?

A)starch
B)chlorophyll
C)protein
D)enzymes
E)cellulose

22

cellulose

which of the following describes mass wasting?

A) downslope movement of soil and rock due to gravity
B) the destruction of sedimentary rock by earthquakes

C) agricultural damage resulting from a tsunami

D) deterioration of an atom because of radioactivity

E) blockage of sunlight by volcanic ash

23

a

River water held behind a dam is best described as a form of ________.

A)potential energy
B)kinetic energy
C)thermodynamics
D)chemical energy
E)entropy

24

a (potential energy)

During photosynthesis within plants, ________.

A)there is net consumption of water and carbon dioxide

B)the high-quality energy from sugar is converted to heat and light

C)sugars and carbon dioxide are produced

D)carbon dioxide and oxygen are produced

E)oxygen and carbon dioxide are consumed

a (there is a net consumption of water and carbon dioxide)