Lecture Note on Cell Physiology

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts related to cell physiology as outlined in the lecture notes.

Cell Theory

The theory that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Prokaryotes

Cells that lack a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, including bacteria. They are the simplest type of cell and have a single, circular chromosome.

Eukaryotes

Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, including protists, fungi, plants, and animals. They are more complex than prokaryotic cells.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A network of hollow membrane tubules that connects to the nuclear envelope and cell membrane, involved in the synthesis and transport of cell products.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

A type of ER with ribosomes on its surface that synthesizes membrane proteins and proteins for export.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

A type of ER that synthesizes lipids, regulates calcium, and detoxifies drugs and poisons.

Mitochondrion

The powerhouse of the cell that generates cellular energy (ATP) and is the site of cellular respiration.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance enclosed by the cell membrane that provides a medium for chemical reactions.

Lysosome

An organelle that contains digestive enzymes to break down food, bacteria, and worn-out cell parts.

Cell Membrane

The double layer of phospholipids and proteins that surrounds all cells and controls what enters or leaves the cell.