AP Psych Unit 6 Behaviorism

Behaviorism

sees people as the products of life experiences and conditioning

Association

when you make a connection between 2+ things in your mind

Adaptation

change in your behavior, thoughts, & emotions as a result of learning

Stimulus Response

something happens and there is a reaction

UCS —> UCR

unconditioned stimulus —> unconditioned response

UCS + CS —> UCR

unconditioned stimulus + conditioned stimulus —> unconditioned response

CS —> CR

conditioned stimulus —> conditioned response

unconditioned stimulus

will naturally produce a response

unconditioned response

natural reaction to a UCS

conditioned stimulus

any stimulus that doesn’t naturally produce a response, response must be learned

conditioned response

learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus

Pavlov’s Dog

showed the creation of a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response (bell —> saliva)

Repetition

key to an association to be made

Acquisition

point where the association is made in the mind, and the CS produced a CR

Extinction

loss of CS/CR pairing due to the UCS not being presented

Spontaneous Regeneration

after a pause, there’s a weak recovery of the association, and therefore a weak response

Stimulus Discrimination

when you have similar stimuli, but you respond only to the correct one

Stimulus Generalization

when you have similar stimuli and you respond to both

Little Albert

experimented on by John Watson, conditioned a fear response

Collection of Associations

all of our thoughts/behaviors are the products of conditioned responses

“Once Bitten Twice Shy”

immediate acquisition based on a single event

Temporal Distance

time can either strengthen or weaken an association

Aversion Therapy

to get people to associate something unpleasant with undesired behavior

Actions - Consequences

an association is created based on the consequences of ations

Operant Behavior

behavior that has been changed based on the consequences of the conditioning

Puzzle Box

designed by Edward Thorndike, a subject would have to accomplish a task in order to receive a reward

Law of Effect

rewarded behavior is likely to reoccur, while punished behavior is unlikely to reoccur

Skinner Box/Operant Chamber

designed by B. F. Skinner, animal subject completing complex tasks with a variety of stimuli, to receive a reward or a punishment

Air Crib

space for babies to work on hand-eye coordination

Shaping

gradually increase a reward or decrease punishment as the subject approaches the desired behavior

Chaining

when you take a complex task, and break it into easily rewarded individual parts

Reinforcements

anything done to get a subject to do a behavior

Primary Reinforcements

based on needs

Secondary Reinforcements

based on wants

Positive Reinforcements

giving someone something pleasant

Negative Reinforcements

taking away something unpleasant

Punishment

anything done to get you to stop doing something

Reinforcement Schedules

when you reward a subject based on actions or when they do something

Ratio

rewarding somebody based on their actions

Predictability/Expectation

you can have behaviors as a result of thought processes, and not conditioning

Latent Learning

things you learn that are not intended

Cognitive Maps

collection of information and decision making processes

Extrinsic Motivation

motivation from an outside source

Intrinsic Motivation

motivation from within yourself

Interval

rewarding someone for doing something at the right time