Ancient Greece WH1 Study Set

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49 Terms

1

Greece

Nation located at the tip of Europe's Balkan peninsula, lies between the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea

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2

Olympics

Originally they were athletic festivals held to honor Zeus, the king of the gods

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3

Aegean Sea

Body of water that separates Greece from the Middle East. Hundreds of Greek islands lie in its waters

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4

Troy

Legend tells us that this ancient city of Asia Minor was under attack by the Greeks for ten years

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5

Direct Democracy

Government in which citizens vote on laws and select officials directly.

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6

Polis

Independent political units of the ancient Greek civilization

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7

Hercules

In the early years of the ancient Greek civilization, he was the strongest and best-known of all heroes

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8

Socrates

This philosopher eventually became one of the most influential figures in the history of western thought

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9

Plato

Philosopher and friend of Socrates who founded the Academy, the first university

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10

Iliad & Odyssey

The Greek poet Homer wrote these two epic adventures

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11

Hippocrates

Known as the "Father of Medicine"

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12

Pericles

leader of Athens for over 30 years who also asked the sculptor Phidias to adorn the Parthenon with friezes (decorative bands)

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13

Aristotle

Great philosopher who studied under Plato in Athens, and later tutored the 13-year-old Alexander at the Macedonian court

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14

Zeus

He was king of the gods and the bringer of rain

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15

Hera

She was the wife of Zeus and the protectress of married women and the home

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16

Athena

This goddess of reason and wisdom was the daughter of Zeus alone

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17

Apollo

The sun god, the archer god, the healer, and the master musician

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18

Aphrodite

Goddess of love and beauty who arose full-grown from the foam of the sea

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19

Ares

Son of Zeus and Hera, was the god of war

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20

Poseidon

God of the sea and drove a horse-drawn chariot and carried a three-pronged spear

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21

Hades

He was the ruler of the underworld and the dead

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22

Alexander the Great

King of Macedonia and the eventual conqueror of all of the known world of his day

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23

Homer

Blind poet who wrote the two greatest epics in western literature, the Iliad and the Odyssey

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24

Athens

The most powerful of all Greek city-states and a great center of culture and learning

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25

Crete

The first great civilization of the Aegean world was the Minoan civilization, founded on this island

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26

Sparta

Military force made this Greek city-state second only to Athens

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27

Mount Olympus

The highest mountain in Greece and was believed to be the home of the gods

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28

Parthenon

Temple dedicated to the goddess Athena that was constructed atop the Acropolis, the highest point in Athens

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29

Acropolis

In ancient times this area of Athens was the most sacred part of town and the site of many important temples

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30

Golden Age

Term used to describe ancient Greece in the 400s B.C., a time of outstanding achievement

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31

Marathon

A foot race that is 26 miles 385 yards in length

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32

Darius the Great

Emperor of Persia, Father of Xerxes.

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33

Xerxes

Son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C.

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34

Helot

In the society of ancient Sparta, a peasant bound to the land

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35

Oligarchy

A government ruled by a few powerful people

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36

Tyranny

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (Usually obtained power by use of force)

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37

Agora

a public open space used for assemblies and markets

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38

Delian League

Alliance between Athens and many of its allied cities following the first attempted invasion of Perisa into Greece. Caused a lot of wealth to flow into Athens and thus contributed to the Athenian "golden age."

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39

Pelponnesian League

military alliance led by Sparta

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40

Pelponnesian War

Athens vs Sparta, Sparta won but both were devastated unable to unite Greek city-states.

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41

Phillip II

336 BC, was an ancient Greek king of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336. He was the father of Alexander the Great.

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42

Ionia

region of western Asia Minor colonized by Ancient Greeks

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43

Oracle

a person thought to be a source of wisdom or prophecy

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44

Maiden goddesses

Athena, Artemis, Hestia

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45

Helen of Troy

A beautiful Greek woman, daughter of Zeus and Leda, who was kidnapped by Paris of Troy. The Trojan War began when the Greeks tried to get her back.

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46

Achilles

Greatest Greek warrior, husband of Briseis whom Agamemnon steals, only vulnerable place is his heel, prophecy that he would die in the Trojan war, which he does at the hand of Paris

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47

Minoans

earliest Greek civilization that had developed on the island of Crete by 2000 B.C.

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48

Myceaneans

Civilization that settled on mainland Greece and conquered Crete

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49

Macedonia

An ancient kingdom north of Greece, whose ruler Philip II conquered Greece in 338 B.C.

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