Bio: 1-6 Scientific Names

Rhizobium

bacterium that invades the roots of plants and forms nodules where nitrogen fixation takes place

Spirulina

cyanobacteria that is used as a health food and is high in protein

Nostoc

colonial cyanobateria that forms a long chain of bead-like cells. The larger cells of heterocysts for nitrogen fixation

Gloeocapsa

cyanobacteria that are found as individuals or in small clusters. Their gelatinous sheaths give the cells a “glowing” appearance

Oscillatoria

cyanobacteria made up of long straight filaments that are made up of a single row of cells. It moves by spinning and filaments can slide back and forth to angle themselves toward a light source

Euglena

are covered with a layer of flexible proteins, called a pellicle. Use contractile vacuoles that fill with water as it enters the cell and then contract to expel the excess water from the cell. Have chloroplasts, and a red eyespot used to detect light.

Diatoms

have clear silica on their cell walls. The two parts of the cell wall fit tgether like a box and lid. Its diatomaceous earth is used for many things.

Fucus

brown algae with disk-shaped holdfasts and flat, forked blades with air bladders embedded in them. The male and female reproductive organs, called conceptacles, are visible as swollen areas on the tips of the blades

Laminaria

brown algae with long, flat blades and usually grow to lengths between 3-9 feet long. The stipe superficially resembles the stem of land plants and is flexible and somewhat elastic, with a holdfast at its inferior end.

Sargassum

brown algae that has many leafy blades on stem-like stipes and round, berry-like air bladders that are easy to observe

Dinoflagellates

phytoplankton with cellulose plates of "armor" and by two flagella oriented in perpendicular  grooves. One moves them forward, the other often causes them to spin when they swim

Karenia brevis

When present in large quantities, as in harmful algal blooms [HABs], or "red tides”

Paramecium

ciliate with an oral groove

Vorticella

cilite with a cup-shaped cell, rimmed by cilia, and attached to a long stalk. It uses the stalk to attach to a substrate. When disturbed, this stalk coils tightly to retract

Forams

have porous shells made of calcium carbonate, giving them a chalky appearance and texture. They use thin, thread-like pseudopods that extend through holes in the outer shell to capture prey

Radiolarians

unicellular predatory protists, covered in elaborate shells usually made of silica and perforated with holes in a variety of patterns, forming a series either of lacy plates or needle-shaped spikes

Chlamydomonas

green algae with a single large chloroplast that fills almost the entire cell. They, like Euglena, have a red eyespot. They move with the help of 2 anterior flagella

Spirogyra

coiled, spiral-shaped chloroplasts. Reproduction occurs both asexually through fragmentation and sexually, via a process called conjugation

Volvox

a colony of flagellated cells that form spherical or oval hollow colonies containing anywhere from 500 to 60,000 cells. most commonly reproduce asexually by forming and then releasing smaller daughter colonies

Desmids

unicellular protists belonging to the charophyte group of green algae. They occur in standing freshwaters. Each cell consists of two halves that are symmetrical mirror images of one another. The nucleus is found in the connecting bridge between the halves.

Amoebas

have rather thick, lobed pseudopods that they use for movement, as well as engulfing food

Choanoflagellates

have a single flagellum surrounded by a collar of  microvilli

Phylum Hepaticophyta

liverwarts

Phylum Bryophyta

mosses

Sphagnum

peat moss is commonly used as fuel in some parts of Europe and is considered a renewable resource

Phylum Anthocerotophyta

horn warts

Phylum Lycophyta

club mosses “little pines” and have strobilli

Lycopodium

its powder was used in the fuel for the first internal combustion engine and even in the machine that inspired the Xerox machine. Parts of this plant have been used in treating digestive tract problems, urinary tract infections, headaches, various skin conditions, and inducing labor

Phylum Pterophyta

whisk ferns, horsetails, and ferns

Gymnosperms

plants that produces seeds, but no flowers and fruits

Phylum Coniferophyta

Sequoia and Pinus longaeva

Phylum Cycadophyta

Cycads

Phylum Ginkgophyta

Ginkgo

Phylum Anthophyta

Angiosperm

Candida

fungi that can go to practically any organ and cause fatal effects

Penicillium

fungi used for antibiotics

Deuteromycota

an informal group of unrelated fungi that all share a common characteristic. These fungi are strictly asexual. They have never been observed using sexual reproduction.

Phylum Chytridiomycota

aquatic fungi, referred to as the chytrids, as possibly being the link between aquatic protists and fungi. Most biologists consider the chytrids as primitive fungi due to the flagellated cells they produce during their life cycle.

Phylum Glomeromycota

form mutualistic relationships with plant roots to form endomycorrhizae with most herbaceous plants and tropical trees. Although there are various types of mycorrhizas, involving different fungal and plant symbionts, the endomycorrhizae (also called arbuscular mycorrhiza or AM) are the most widespread

Phylum Zygomycota

fungi characterized by the formation of zygospores

Rhizopus

black bread mold, is an example of a zygomycete

Phylum Ascomycota

The name refers to the sac structures called asci where sexual spores are produced. The ascomycetes (sac fungi) include most yeasts, powdery mildews, morels, and truffles.

Peziza

genus of fungi

Phylum Basidiomycota

group of fungi often referred to as the club fungi or basidiomycetes

Crustose

grow flat against a surface (encrusting)

Foliose

flat with leaf like lobes

Fruticose

grow erect and possess many branches or are bushy.

Pyrolobus fumarii

thermophile belonging to Domain Archaea found living in a hydrothermal vent

Tetragenococcus halophilus

halophile belonging to Domain Archaea which is used in the fermentation processes of soy sauce, miso, fish sauce and salted anchovies

Chryseobacterium greenlandensis

psychrophile belonging to Domain Archaea can be found in glaciers, deep ocean waters and polar ice

Helicobacter pylori

acidophile belonging to Domain Archaea is the main cause of stomach ulcers

Fritillaria

Has evolved to camouflage itself within rocks on cliffs