Axial Skeleton, Vertebrae, Ribs, Sternum, Hyoid Bone

Vertebral column

the spine, formed of a number of individual bones called vertebrae and two composite bones (sacrum and coccyx)

Body of Vertebra

big circular part, is weight bearing

vertebral foramen

canal through which spinal cord passes

pedicle of vertebra

attached to and extends posteriorly on either side of the body

Lamina of vertebra

supporting bone between the spikes of the vertebra

spinous process

Posterior projection of a vertebra...usually points down

Transverse process of vertebra

forms joint with ribs in thoracic region, site for muscle attachment in lumbar region

superior articular process

bony process that extends upward from the vertebral arch of a vertebra that articulates with the superior articular process of the next upper vertebra

inferior articular process

bony process that extends downward from the vertebral arch of a vertebra that articulates with the superior articular process of the next lower vertebra

superior articular facet

the part of the superior articular process that articulates with the superior bone to it

inferior articular process

the part of the inferior articular process that articulates with the inferior bone to it

Intervertebral disks

23 total, disks in the spine

cervical vertebrae

C1-C7, have transverse foreamen, has arteries

transverse foramen

holds arteries in cervical vertebra

Atlas

C1, the first vertebra, fits into C2

transverse ligament

This ligament attaches to the lateral masses of C1 to hold the dens in place

Axis C2

has bump where C1 fits into (shake head)

Dens (odontoid process)

a bony projection that extends upward from the vertebral body where C1 rotates on

Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12)

second set of 12 vertebrae; they articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs to form the outward curve of the spine

costal facets of thoracic vertebrae

where head of rib connects

Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5)

third set of five larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of the spine, lack facets and foreamer

Sacrum (S1-S5)

Shapes the posterior wall of pelvis

Formed from 5 fused vertebrae

Superior surface articulates with L5

Inferiorly articulates with coccyx

anterior sacral foramina

holes on the front of the sacrum

Posterior sacral foramina

holes on back of sacrum

sacral canal

continuation of vertebral canal

sacral hiatus

inferior opening of the sacral canal

ala of sacrum

The wing-like projections on either side of the sacrum.

auricular surface

where pelvic bone articulates with sacrum

superior articular process of sacrum

paired processes that extend upward from the sacrum to articulate (join) with the inferior articular processes from the L5 vertebra

superior articular facet of sacrum

where smooth surface is on process

Coccyx

Tailbone

Sternum

Breastbone

manubrium

upper portion of the sternum

clavicular notch

where sternum connects to clavicles

sternal angle

horizontal ridge across front of sternum where manubrium and body meet

body of sternum

large middle portion of the sternum

costal notches of sternum

indentations on sternum where costal cartilages from the ribs articulate

xiphoid process

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

True ribs (1-7)

Cartilage leads to sternum

false ribs (8-12)

ribs that do not have a direct attachment to the sternum

floating ribs

last two pairs of ribs; do not attach to sternum

head of rib

Articulates with the costal facet of a thoracic vertebral body

superior articular facet of rib

articulates with inferior costal demifacet of the thoracic vertebral body one numeric segment superior

inferior articulating facet of rib

articular surface at bottom of rib

neck of rib

between head and tubercle

tubercle of rib

bump on head (lower) points down

Angle of rib

where rib bends

Costal groove of rib

groove on the inferior side of the rib shaft

hyoid bone

a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue.

body of hyoid bone

middle of bone

greater cornu/horns of hyoid bone

long projections on back

lesser cornu/horns of hyoid bone

teeth like projections