Biology Lecture Notes Review

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture notes on biology, specifically focusing on biochemistry, biomolecules, and the differences between various types of cells.

How can you view the Note section of a PowerPoint to see study tips?

Click the 'Notes' button or the notes area at the bottom of the window in Normal view mode.

What are the main topics covered in Chapter 2 of the lecture?

Science Fiction, Bad Science, Pseudoscience, Biochemistry, Water, and Cells.

What is the difference between science fiction and pseudoscience?

Science fiction is intended to entertain/explore ideas, while pseudoscience aims to prove 'truth' as fact without proper scientific evidence.

What are biomolecules?

Biomolecules are large biological molecules that include carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids.

What defines prokaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles, are simpler and usually smaller.

What are isotopes?

Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

What is the significance of hydrogen bonds in water?

Hydrogen bonds explain water's high boiling point and help DNA strands stick together.

What is the pH scale?

The pH scale measures the relative amounts of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-); lower than 7 is acidic, higher than 7 is basic.

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates serve as a major source of energy for cells.

What are the four classes of biomolecules?

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

What is a covalent bond?

A strong bond formed when atoms share electrons to achieve stability.

What characterizes a polar covalent bond?

Atoms share electrons unequally, creating a molecule with a partial positive and negative charge.

What are essential amino acids?

Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through diet.

What role do lipids serve in the body?

Lipids store energy, are found in membranes, and serve as hormones.

What are nucleic acids made of?

Nucleic acids are made of monomers called nucleotides.

How are the nitrogenous bases paired in DNA?

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Guanine pairs with Cytosine (G-C).

What is the structure of a eukaryotic cell?

Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles.

How do ionic bonds form?

Ionic bonds form through the attraction between oppositely charged ions.

What is the role of valence electrons in bonding?

Valence electrons determine how an atom will bond with other atoms.