Karyotype

A human has…

44 autosomes and 2 sex chromsomes

An autosome…

has majority of the genes required for physical characteristics

Sex Chromosome

X and Y chromosomes

Nondisjunction

When a cell does not divide correctly in meiosis

Nondisjunction is ok in _ but not ok in _ . This is because _ die

body cells, gametes, body cells

If nondisjunction occurs in a sperm or a gamete…

a zygote will be born with an improper amount of chromosomes resulting in birth defects

Trisomy

An individual with an extra chromatid in one of its chromosomes

Monosomy

An individual who lacks a chromatid in one of it’s chromosomes.

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Extra X Chromosome (trisomy), small testes, develops breast, infertile, male

Turner

Monosomy (one X chromosome), infertile, short, webbed neck, broad chested

Triple X

Trisomy, p

Down Syndrome

Trisomy 21, intellectually disabled, flat face, heart-shaped face

Edward Syndrome

Trisomy 18, mental disability, fisted hands, heart problems

Patau Syndrome

Trisomy 13, malformed ears, small eyes, cleft palate

As you grow older…

…there is an increased chance of issues during meiosis

Karyotype

A picture of a person’s DNA during Prophase 1 that shows the condensed DNA. Homologous pairs are then matched by the scientist from smallest to largest.

A karyotype can tell…

the sex and any chromosomal disorders

Amniocentesis

When a long needle is put into the mother’s womb and amniotic fluid is withdrawn. Can only happen in the fifteenth week of pregnancy.

Chorionic Villi Samping (CVS)

Using a needle to withdraw parts of the placenta tissue