Reproductive Health Notes

This set of flashcards covers key concepts in reproductive health, including anatomy, hormones, and sexual health education.

What is testosterone primarily responsible for in males?

Development of male sexual characteristics and sperm production.

What are labia?

Folds of skin that protect the vaginal opening in females.

What is sperm?

The male reproductive cell responsible for fertilizing the egg.

What are genitals?

The external sexual organs of both males and females.

What is the function of pubic hair?

Provides protection and insulation to the genital area.

What is puberty?

The period of life when an individual becomes sexually mature.

What is ejaculation?

The expulsion of semen from the male reproductive tract.

What are hormones?

Chemical substances in the body that regulate various physiological processes.

What are ovaries?

The female reproductive organs that produce eggs and hormones.

What is the cervix?

The lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina.

What is menstruation?

The monthly shedding of the uterine lining in females.

What are testes?

The male reproductive organs that produce sperm and hormones.

What is the vagina?

A canal that connects the external genitals to the uterus.

What is the bladder's function in the reproductive system?

Stores urine before it is expelled from the body.

What is the uterus?

The organ where a fertilized egg implants and develops during pregnancy.

What are fallopian tubes?

The ducts through which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus.

What is a nocturnal emission?

Involuntary ejaculation during sleep, commonly known as a wet dream.

What is estrogen?

A hormone primarily responsible for the development of female sexual characteristics.

What is the scrotum?

The pouch that contains and protects the testes.

What is ovulation?

The release of an egg from the ovary.

What is semen composed of?

A fluid containing sperm and secretions from the seminal vesicle and prostate.

What is an erection?

The process in which the penis becomes firm and enlarged, typically in response to sexual arousal.

What is progesterone?

A hormone that helps prepare the uterus for a fertilized egg and maintain pregnancy.

What is the urethra?

The duct through which urine and semen are expelled from the body.

What is the placenta?

The organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy to provide nutrients and oxygen to the growing fetus.

What is the foreskin?

The fold of skin that covers the glans of the penis.

What is the hymen?

A membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening.

What is the prostate?

A gland that produces a fluid that nourishes and transports sperm.

What is the clitoris?

A small sensitive organ that is part of the female genitalia.

What are seminal vesicles?

Glands that produce a significant portion of the fluid that constitutes semen.

What is the typical duration of the female menstrual cycle?

Approximately 28 days.

What happens during days 1-10 of the menstrual cycle?

Follicle growth in the ovaries.

What occurs during days 11-14 of the menstrual cycle?

Ovulation.

What happens during days 14-28 of the menstrual cycle?

The follicle collapses and the egg degenerates if not fertilized.

What is the average volume of semen produced in one ejaculation?

2-5 ml, containing 50-130 million sperm.

What are male hormones?

Hormones that regulate the development and function of male reproductive organs.

What is the function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

Stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles and the production of estrogen.

What does luteinizing hormone (LH) do?

Triggers ovulation and stimulates the formation of the corpus luteum.

What is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?

A hormone produced during pregnancy that stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone.

What is gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?

A hormone that stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland.

What is anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)?

A hormone that regulates ovarian follicles and indicates ovarian reserve.

What role does testosterone play in females?

Contributes to libido and muscle mass.

What role does Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) play?

Influences hair distribution and sebum production, impacting prostate health.

What factors contribute to a female's risk of pregnancy?

Ovulation timing and sperm viability.

What is the effectiveness of abstinence as a birth control method?

It is 100% effective.

What are the risks associated with using withdrawal as a birth control method?

It has a 25% success rate and a 75% chance of becoming pregnant.

What are foams/creams/jellies used for?

As barrier methods to reduce pregnancy risk, but may cause irritation.

What is the effectiveness rate of a diaphragm?

85% effective.

What should be observed for charting the menstrual cycle?

Body signs including temperature and mucus.

What is the effectiveness of birth control pills?

99% effective when taken correctly.

What additional health benefits do birth control pills provide?

Can lessen severe menstrual symptoms and prevent some health conditions.

What is an IUD?

An intrauterine device that is 97% effective at preventing pregnancy.

What is Nexplanon?

A hormonal implant that is 99% effective and prevents the release of eggs.

What is Depo Provera?

A birth control shot that is 99% effective for 3 months.

What is tubal ligation?

A surgical method for female sterilization that involves cutting and tying the fallopian tubes.

What is a vasectomy?

A surgical method for male sterilization that involves cutting and tying the vas deferens.

What are condoms used for?

To provide a physical barrier that prevents sperm from entering the uterus.

What is the effectiveness of female condoms?

79%-82% effective.

What is morning-after contraception?

Medication that alters the menstrual cycle to prevent ovulation.

What are some common myths about sexual health?

Include false beliefs about menstruation, pregnancy chances during periods, and the effectiveness of different contraceptive methods.

What are the four fluids that can transmit AIDS?

Semen, vaginal fluid, blood, and breast milk.

What openings can AIDS enter the body through?

Anus, mouth, genitals, and skin (cuts).