Advanced English Vocabulary – Comprehensive Review Sets 1-12

A master list of key vocabulary terms (over 200) drawn from Sets 1-12 of the lecture notes. Each flashcard presents a single English term with a concise English definition to support rapid review and memorization.

Copious

Abundant in quantity or number; plentiful or ample.

Sporadic

Occurring at irregular or infrequent intervals; scattered.

Transpose

To change the order or position of two or more things; to interchange.

Lament

To mourn or express deep sorrow; an expression of grief.

Entail

To involve as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence.

Momentous

Of great importance, significance, or consequence.

Pristine

In its original, unspoiled condition; spotless.

Constrict

To make narrower or tighter; to limit or inhibit.

Nebulous

Unclear, vague, or hazy; lacking definite form or limits.

Counteract

To oppose, neutralize, or offset the effect of something.

Insuperable

Impossible to overcome or surpass; insurmountable.

Irreproachable

Beyond criticism or fault; perfect or faultless.

Pretentiousness

The act of trying to appear more important or skilled than one is; excessive self-importance.

Ineluctable

Inevitable; impossible to avoid or escape.

Equivocal

Open to two or more interpretations; deliberately ambiguous or unclear.

Inconsequential

Insignificant; of little or no importance.

Manifestation

A visible sign, display, or expression of something.

Rectify

To correct or set right; to remedy.

Immense

Extremely large or great in size or degree.

Presumptuous

Overly bold, forward, or confident to the point of rudeness.

Customary

Usual, habitual, or according to established practice.

Apprised

Informed or notified about something.

Unsympathetic

Lacking compassion, pity, or understanding.

Placated

Soothed or calmed; made less angry or hostile.

Wrought

Shaped, formed, or fashioned, often by hammering or labor.

Bestowed

Given or granted, especially formally or ceremonially.

Oblige

To compel or require; also, to do a favor for.

Apathy

A lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern.

Ambivalence

Mixed or conflicting feelings about a person or situation.

Foresight

The ability to anticipate or predict future needs or events.

Impartiality

Freedom from bias or favoritism; objectivity.

Galvanize

To spur or stimulate into sudden activity.

Discrete

Individually separate and distinct.

Arbitrary

Based on random choice or personal whim, rather than reason.

Dominion

Control, sovereignty, or supreme authority.

Eclipsed

Overshadowed, outshone, or surpassed.

Augmented

Made greater in size, amount, or degree; increased.

Convened

Gathered or summoned for a meeting.

Epitomized

Perfectly represented or typified; was the embodiment of.

Unblemished

Flawless; without stain or defect.

Accentuate

To emphasize or highlight.

Despise

To feel contempt or deep repugnance for.

Idiosyncratic

Peculiar to an individual; highly distinctive or quirky.

Incongruous

Out of place or not in harmony with surroundings.

Secluded

Sheltered, private, and isolated from others.

Mutable

Capable of change; changeable.

Prevail

To triumph, succeed, or become widespread.

Underscore

To stress or emphasize the importance of something.

Forestall

To prevent or hinder by taking action ahead of time.

Belie

To give a false impression of; to contradict.

Commended

Praised formally or officially.

Hallmark

A distinctive feature or characteristic.

Postulate

To assume or claim as true, especially as a basis for reasoning.

Sanction

Official approval or authorization; also, a penalty for disobedience.

Ameliorate

To make a bad situation better or more tolerable.

Satirize

To mock or ridicule using satire.

Amass

To gather or collect, especially in large quantities.

Appeal

An earnest request; also, the quality of being attractive or interesting.

Concur

To agree or coincide in opinion.

Intercede

To mediate or intervene on another’s behalf.

Auspicious

Favorable to success; promising.

Novelty

The quality of being new or original; something new.

Affectionate

Showing fondness, love, or tenderness.

Retroactive

Taking effect from a date in the past.

Tranquil

Peaceful, calm, and free from disturbance.

Peculiar

Unusual or odd; distinctive.

Nostalgic

Longing for or thinking fondly of the past.

Dispassionate

Uninfluenced by emotion; impartial and calm.

Sensation

A physical feeling; also, a widespread excitement or interest.

Agreeable

Pleasant, likable, or acceptable.

Pretentious

Attempting to impress by affecting greater importance or merit than is possessed.

Provocative

Causing strong reaction or emotion; stimulating.

Irrefutable

Impossible to disprove or deny.

Mediate

To act as an intermediary to resolve conflict.

Promulgate

To officially announce, publish, or make widely known.

Amalgamate

To combine or unite into one entity.

Defy

To openly resist or refuse to obey.

Interplay

Mutual or reciprocal action or influence.

Gravitas

Seriousness and dignity in manner.

Enigma

Something that is mysterious, puzzling, or difficult to understand.

Unattainable

Impossible to accomplish or obtain.

Superfluous

More than what is needed; unnecessary.

Amorphous

Without a clearly defined shape or structure.

Misconstrued

Interpreted wrongly; misunderstood.

Prohibitive

Serving to prevent; also, excessively expensive.

Stipulate

To specify a requirement as part of an agreement.

Induce

To bring about or persuade to do something.

Engender

To cause or give rise to.

Dispersed

Scattered widely apart.

Supplant

To replace or take the place of, often by force.

Austere

Severe or strict in manner; plain and unadorned.

Equitable

Fair and impartial; just.

Augment

To enlarge or increase in amount or strength.

Conventional

Following accepted customs or standards; traditional.

Coalesce

To come together and form one whole.

Synopsis

A brief summary of a larger work or idea.

Abundant

Present in large quantities; plentiful.

Coarseness

Roughness in texture or manners; lack of refinement.

Orthodox

Adhering to established beliefs or practices; conventional.

Reverberate

To echo repeatedly and with lasting effect.