APHUG Unit 4

What makes a state?

1. ruled by a established sovergin government.

2. recognized by a significant portion of the international community

3. A permanent resident population

4. An organized economy

Nation

A group of people who have certain things in common

Nation-state

a singular nation of ppl who fulfull the qualifcations of a state form a nation-state

multinational state

a state that names more than one nation

multi-state nation

a nation that spread across more than one state

stateless nation

nations that do not have states of their own or recognition from other states.

autonomus region

defined area within a state that has a high degree of self-government and freedom from its parent state.

elonggated state

long narrow shape, chile

compact

the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly, poland

fragmented

includes several discontinuous pieces of territory, Indonesia

perforated

a state that completely surrounds another one, South Africa

prorupted

an otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension, myanmar

defined boundaries

established by legal documents

delimited boundaries

line drawn on a map to show the limits of space.

demarcated boundry

boundry identifies by physical objects placed on the landscape (welcome signs)

relic

a boundary that no longer exists, but evidence of it still exists in the location. (Berlin wall)

geometric boundary

boarders established on straight lines of longitude and latitude.

antecedent boundary

boundary drawn before a large population was present.

superimposed boundary

boundary drawn by outside powers

subsequent boundary

boundary drawn to accommodate religious, ethnic, linguistic, economic differences.

cousequent boundary

redevlops boundary lines to more closely align with cultural boundaries.

militarized

boundary that is heavily guarded/discourages movement.

open boundary

border where crossing is un impeded.

what historical event have influenced our world boundaries?

Berlin conference, decolonization, Cold war,

neocolonialism

the use of economic, political, cultural, or political pressures IOT control/influence other countries.

shatterbelts

a region in the world where persistent splintering/shattering take place and other major world powers compete for power.

choke points.

a strategic strait/canal which is narrow/hard to pass through/has competition for use.

centripital forces

forces bringing people togther

centifugal forces

forces pushing people apart

Deffinitional (position)

when 2 or more parties disagree on how to interpret a legal document.

allocational (resources)

disputes when a boundary separates natural resources.

operational (function)

disputes on how a boundary functions

locational (territorial)

disputes on where a boundary should be

UNCLOS

law that seperates territory of seas to countries.

unitray government

centralized government where power is concentrated in the hands of the central government. (Japan)

Federal government

government where the state is organized into terrirores and each territory has control over local government policies and funds. (USA)

gerrymandering

drawing of boundaries for political districts by a party to have an advantage.

how are districts determined?

using data from the census.

physical geography devolution

reduced contact between groups of people cause isolation and increase the likelihood of speration

ethnic seperatism

when people identify more strongly with their ethnic group than as a citizen of the state

ethnic cleansing

governemtn attacks an ethnic group, trying to eliminate them

economic devolution

driven by demands for greater autonomy, especially in regions that feel economically marginalized or underrepresented by the central government.

terrorism

the systematic use of violence or threats against civilians/symbols to create fear, coerce governments, or achieve political/ideological goals

irrdentlism

where a state or people claim territory from another country, believing it rightfully belongs to them due to shared ethnicity, culture, or history.

balkanization

the contentious fragmentation of a state into smaller, often hostile, regions due to deep ethnic or cultural conflicts

ethnic nationalism

a group that sees itself as a nation, demanding autonomy or separation from a larger state

what lead to the break up of Yugoslavia?

a mix of deep-seated ethnic tensions, economic collapse, the death of unifying leader Josip Broz Tito (1980), and the end of the Cold War which removed external pressure

whihc group tends to gain autonomy when devolition occurs.

ethnic, linguistic, cultural minority groups

what challenges are faced by stateless nations?

lack of citizenship, lack of rights, economic instability.

what are supernational organizations

iternational bodies where member countries pool sovereignty