Introduction to Biostatistics and Epidemiology

Descriptive Statistics

Methods for summarizing and presenting data.

Biostatistics

Statistics applied to biological and health data.

Central Tendency

Measures that summarize a set of data points.

Variability

Extent to which data points differ from each other.

Inferential Statistics

Methods for drawing conclusions from sample data.

Primary Data

Data collected firsthand for specific research objectives.

Secondary Data

Data obtained from existing sources for analysis.

Independent Variable

Factor believed to influence the outcome.

Dependent Variable

Outcome of interest affected by independent variables.

Health Statistics

Data used for planning and evaluating health programs.

Qualitative Data

Descriptive data used to categorize groups.

Quantitative Data

Numerical data that can be measured or counted.

Discrete Variable

Variable that can take finite values.

Continuous Variable

Variable that can take infinite values.

Nominal Scale

Qualitative data categorized without order.

Ordinal Scale

Data with a defined order among categories.

Interval Scale

Quantitative data without a true zero point.

Ratio Scale

Quantitative data with a true zero point.

Epidemiology

Study of health-related states and events.

Demography

Study of human population dynamics.

Health Economics

Study of healthcare systems and behaviors.

Genetics and Genomics

Study of heredity and gene functions.

Statistical Table

Organized data presentation for analysis.

Hypothesis Testing

Method for determining statistical significance.

Data Reduction Technique

Simplifying data for easier analysis.