PRISM READING

capacity

(n)

1. ability: năng lực

• The hall was filled to capacity (= was completely full).

2. the number of things or people that a container or space can hold: dung lượng, sức chứa

• She has an enormous capacity for hard work.

• mental/intellectual capacity

emerge

(v) (of facts, ideas, etc.) to become known

• No new evidence emerged during the investigation.

• A clear picture emerges from this complex set of data.

memorabilia

(n)/ˌmemərəˈbɪliə/ a collection of items connected to a person or event: đồ lưu niệm

• Beatles memorabilia

practice

(n) a regular or widespread habit or behavior: thói quen, thông lệ

• Wearing gloves should be standard practice when handling pesticides.

• It is a common practice to include recommendations for further action in such reports.

prompt

(v) to make somebody decide to do something; to cause something to happen: gây ra, tăng cường, thôi thúc

• prompt somebody to do something Her father's struggles with mental health prompted her to pursue psychology as a career.

• The bishop's speech has prompted an angry response from both political parties.

developers

(n) a person or company that buys land or buildings in order to build new houses, shops, etc., or to improve the old ones, and makes a profit from doing this:

• The land has been sold to a wealthy property developer.: đầu tư bất động sản

facility

(n)

1. [facilities] buildings, services, equipment, etc. that are provided for a particular purpose: tiện ích, cơ sở vật chất, trang thiết bị

• leisure/sports facilities: các tiện ích giải trí vd rạp chiếu phim, công viên…

• medical/recreational/educational facilities

2. a place, usually including buildings, used for a particular purpose or activity: cơ sở [địa điểm rõ ràng]

• the world’s largest nuclear waste facility

• a new healthcare facility

3. a special feature of a machine, service, etc. that makes it possible to do something extra: tính năng đặc biệt,

• The washing machine has a quick-wash facility.

• Small businesses rely on credit facilities to manage cash flow. hạn mức tín dụng

4. facility (for something) a natural ability to learn or do something easily: năng khiếu

• She has a facility for languages.

• He plays the piano with surprising facility.

maintain

(v) to keep stating that something is true, even though other people do not agree or do not believe it: khẳng định

• She has always maintained her innocence.

• He maintains that he has never seen the woman before.

prosper

(v) to develop in a successful way; to be successful, especially in making money = thrive: phát triển thịnh vượng, làm ăn phát đạt, thành công

• The economy prospered under his administration.

vacant

(adj)

1. (of a seat, hotel room, house, etc.) empty; not being used

2. if a job in a company is vacant, nobody is doing it and it is available for somebody to take: còn trống, chưa có ai đảm nhiệm

• When the post finally fell (= became) vacant, they offered it to Fiona.

retain

(v)

1. retain something to keep something; to continue to have something: preserve: giữ gìn [vị trí, trạng thái…]

• to retain your independence

• He struggled to retain control of the situation.

• She retained her tennis title for the third year.

2. If a substance retains something, such as heat or water, it continues to hold or contain it: giữ [nhiệt, nước…nghĩa vật lý]

• These plants will need a soil that retains moisture during the summer months.

• This information is no longer retained within the computer's main memory.

associate

(v)

1.to make a connection between people or things in your mind: liên tưởng, kết nối

• associate sth with Most people associate this brand with good quality.

2. associate with somebody to spend time with somebody, especially a person or people that somebody else does not approve of: giao du, kết giao

• I don't like you associating with those people.

evolve

(v)

to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complicated form; to develop something in this way

• evolve (from something) (into something) The idea evolved from a drawing I discovered in the attic.

• The company has evolved into a major chemical manufacturer.

• evolve something (from something) Each school must evolve its own way of working.

resemble

(v) resemble somebody/something to look like or be similar to another person or thing

• She closely resembles her sister.

• So many hotels resemble each other.

resist

(v)

1. to refuse to accept something and try to stop it from happening: từ chối, chống lại, k chấp nhận

• They are determined to resist pressure to change the law.

• People naturally resist change.

• The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.

2. to fight back when attacked; to use force to stop something from happening [ kháng cự, chống trả]

• The soldiers resisted (the enemy attacks) for two days.

detract from

to make something seem less good or fun: làm giảm

• He was determined not to let anything detract from his enjoyment of the trip.

guarantee

(v)

1. to promise absolutely and legally: đảm bảo [cam kết kết quả]

• Basic human rights, including freedom of speech, are now guaranteed.

• guarantee somebody something The ticket will guarantee you free entry.

• guarantee to do something We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.

2. o give a written promise to replace or repair a product free if it goes wrong: bảo hành

• All our electrical goods are fully guaranteed.

• guarantee something against something This iron is guaranteed for a year against faulty workmanship.[lỗi do nhà sản xuất]

ensure

(v)

to make something certain to happen: bảo đảm bằng hành động, [ko chắc chắn 100% về kết quả, nhưng dùng hành động để bảo đảm]

• The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft.

• The role of the police is to ensure (that) the law is obeyed.

assure

(v) to tell someone confidently that something is true, especially so that they do not worry: trấn an

• assure sb of sth The unions assured the new owners of the workers' loyalty to the company.

• We were assured that everything possible was being done.

• She's perfectly safe, I can assure you.

humiliation

(n) ​a feeling of being ashamed or stupid and having lost the respect of other people; the act of making somebody feel like this: nhục nhã

• She suffered the humiliation of being criticized in public.

• The election result is a humiliation for our party.

humiliating

(adj) making somebody feel ashamed or stupid and lose the respect of other people

• a humiliating defeat

• It was the most humiliating night of his life.

validity

(n) /vəˈlɪdəti/

1. the state of being legally or officially acceptable: hiêu lực, tính hợp lệ, pháp lý

• The period of validity of the agreement has expired: hết hạn.

2. the quality of being based on truth or reason, or of being able to be accepted: hợp lý, xác thực

   • This research seems to give/lend some validity to the theory that the drug might cause cancer.

   • Not for one moment did he doubt the validity of those ideas.
     

malicious

(adj) /məˈlɪʃəs/ ​having or showing a desire to harm somebody or hurt their feelings, caused by a feeling of hate: ác ý

• He complained that he'd been receiving malicious phone calls.

• malicious gossip: đồn thổi/lies/rumours

• He was charged with malicious wounding. [ cố ý gây thương tích]

  
  

prosecute

(v) to officially charge somebody with a crime in court: \truy tố [đưa ra tòa để xét xử]

• He was prosecuted for fraud.

suspend

(v) /səˈspend/

1.to stop something from being active, either temporarily or permanently: tạm dừng, tạm gác lại

• Production has been suspended while safety checks are carried out.

• The ferry service has been suspended for the day because of bad weather.

• suspend disbelief: tạm gác sự nghi ngờ: When watching a superhero movie, you need to suspend disbelief

• suspend judgement: I'm suspending judgment (= not forming an opinion) on the book I'm reading until I've finished it.

• suspended sentence: án treo: He was given a suspended sentence, so he did not go to prison.

2. If someone is suspended from work, school, etc., they are temporarily not allowed to work, go to school, or take part in an activity because of having done something wrong: bị đình chỉ

• be suspended from She was suspended from school for fighting.

• He was suspended for four games after arguing with the referee.

suspect

(v) /səˈspekt/ to have an idea that something is probably true or likely to happen, especially something bad, but without having definite proof: nghi ngờ

aspiring

(adj) /əˈspaɪərɪŋ/ wanting to be successful in life: có khát vọng

• He came from an aspiring working-class background.

break even

to earn enough money to pay for expenses, without any profit: hòa vốn

We’d have to sell 2000 copies of the book to break even.

proposition

(n) /ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃn/ an offer or suggestion, usually in business: đề xuất

• He wrote to me last week regarding a business proposition he thought might interest me.

• I've put my proposition to the company director for his consideration.

follow suit

to act or behave in the way that somebody else has just done: làm theo

• When one airline reduces its prices, the rest soon follow suit.

incentive

(n) incentive (for/to somebody/something) (to do something) something that encourages you to do something: động lực

• There is no incentive for people to save fuel.

shrewdly

in a way that shows that somebody is clever at understanding and making judgements about a situation: khôn ngoan sắc sảo

• She shrewdly predicted the stock market crash.

label

(v) to describe somebody/something in a particular way, especially unfairly: gán mác

• label somebody/something (as) something He was labelled (as) a traitor: kẻ phản bội by his former colleagues.

• label somebody/something + adj. It is unfair to label a small baby naughty.

notion

idea

• She had only a vague notion of what might happen.

• He has no notion of the difficulty of the problem.

• I have to reject the notion that greed can be a good thing.

suppress

(v) /səˈpres/

1. suppress something (usually disapproving) to prevent something from being published or made known: che giấu

• The police were accused of suppressing vital evidence.

• This information had been deliberately suppressed.

2. suppress something (usually disapproving) (of a government, ruler, etc.) to put an end, often by force, to a group or an activity that is believed to threaten authority: đàn áp

• The rebellion was brutally suppressed.

stimulation

an action or thing that causes someone or something to become more active or enthusiastic, or to develop or operate: sự thúc đẩy, kích thích

• While she was at home looking after her children, she felt deprived of intellectual stimulation.

• Electric stimulation can help to heal fractured bones.

• the stimulation of economic growth

• Kids' interest is often caught by visual stimulation.

• intellectual/sensory/physical stimulation

alternative

(adj)

different from the usual or traditional way in which something is done

• alternative therapy/treatments

• an alternative lifestyle

• Medicine made of mould must once have seemed very alternative.

assertive

​expressing opinions or desires strongly and with confidence, so that people take notice: quyết đoán

• You should try and be more assertive.

• assertive behaviour

prospective

(adj) expected to do something or to become something: tiềm năng

• prospective buyers, employers, parents,

illustration

a picture in a book, magazine, etc. or the process of illustrating something: minh họa

a full-page illustration

colour/black and white illustrations

bounce back

to become healthy, successful or confident again after being ill or having difficulties = recover

• He's had a lot of problems, but he always seems to bounce back pretty quickly.

grim

extremely bad, worrying, or without hope: ảm đạm

look grim The future looks grim.

grim reality The grim reality is that there is no easy solution to this problem.

revolutionize

to completely change something so that it is much better: thay đổi, cách mạng hóa

Newton's discoveries revolutionized physics.

therapeutic

(adj) /ˌθerəˈpjuːtɪk/

causing someone to feel happier and more relaxed, or to feel more healthy: có tác dụng trị liệu

I find gardening very therapeutic.

boast

(v) to talk in a way that shows you are too proud of something that you have or can do: khoe khoang

• I don't want to boast, but I can actually speak six languages.

• boast about something She is always boasting about how wonderful her children are.

self-satisfied: tự mãn

confine

(v)

1. to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way:giới hạn = restrict

• Let's confine our discussion to the matter in question, please!

• Please confine your use of the phone to business calls.

• By closing the infected farms we're hoping to confine the disease to the north of the region (= stop it from spreading to other areas)
  

1. If something is confined to a particular group of people, it exists only among them: giới hạn, chỉ xảy ra

   Cancer is not confined to old people.

proximity

​the state of being near somebody/something in distance or time

• proximity (of somebody/something) (to somebody/something) The proximity of the college to London makes it very popular.

• in the proximity of something a house in the proximity of (= near) the motorway

• in… proximity (to somebody/something) The area has a number of schools in close proximity to each other.

• the death of two members of her family in close proximity

surge

(n)

1.surge (of something) a sudden increase of a strong feeling

• She felt a sudden surge of anger.

• a surge of excitement

2. a sudden increase in the amount or number of something

   • surge in something a surge in consumer spending

   • We are having trouble keeping up with the recent surge in demand.

transmission

1. the act or process of passing something from one person, place or thing to another: lây truyền

• Communication is the sharing of meaning through the transmission of information.

  The guidelines focus on preventing the transmission of infectious animal diseases to humans.

2. the act or process of sending out an electronic signal or message or of broadcasting a radio or television programme: truyền tải

   • the transmission of computer data along telephone lines

isolate

to separate something from other things with which it is connected or mixed: phân tách để xác định

• isolate something from something A high wall isolated the house from the rest of the village.

• They tried to isolate (= find) the cause of the problem.

• Human embryonic stem cells were first isolated in 1998.

• be isolated from Virus particles were eventually isolated from the tissue.

1. to keep a person or animal separate from other people or animals by putting them in a different place: cạch ly

   It may be necessary to isolate the patient.

   be isolated from He was isolated from all the other prisoners.

phenomenon

(n) something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesting: hiện tượng

• There's evidence to suggest that child abuse is not just a recent phenomenon.

apparently

used to say you have read or been told something although you are not certain it is true: hình như dường

Apparently it's going to rain today.

display

display something to show a quality, feeling, skill or type of behaviour; to show signs of something: thể hiện

• I have rarely seen her display any sign of emotion.

• He displays amazing skill with a golf club.