IB biology HL A2.2.5— Prokaryotic cell structure;

Subcellular structures that are ecommon to all cells:

Subcellular structures that are ecommon to all cells:

DNA, ribosome, cytoplasm, cell membrane

Nucleoid, cell wall, ribosomes, flagella, plasmids, cytoplasm, cell membrane, capsule, pili

Definition: Prokaryotic cells are characterized by the absence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Key structures include the _____, which contains genetic material; the _____, a rigid layer providing shape and protection; and _____, which are responsible for protein synthesis. Additionally, they often have ______ for movement and may possess _____ for extra genetic information. The _____ is the fluid like substance where all metabolic reactions happen, _______ is a layer seperating the inside of a cell from its surroundings, while a _____ may provide additional protection, and _____ can aid in attachment.

Naked DNA

Definition: ________ refers to DNA that is not associated with proteins, meaning it exists in a free form without being wrapped around histones or other structural proteins. This form is typically found in prokaryotic cells, where the DNA is located in the cytoplasm.

Plasmid

The other structure in a prokaryotic cell that holds extra pieces of genetic information

histone proteins

Definition: In eukaryotic cells, DNA is organized and compacted by wrapping around proteins called ________, which help in the formation of nucleosomes and higher-order structures, facilitating gene regulation and packaging within the nucleus.

Plasmids

Definition: ________ are circular, naked DNA molecules that are smaller than the main nucleoid DNA. They replicate independently of the nucleoid DNA, are not found in all prokaryotic cells, can be shared between bacteria, and often contain genes for antibiotic resistance.