11a Cerebellum

Cerebellum is a structure that is responsible for our _____ __________ and our _____________ and __________

Motor learning; coordination and cognition

What divides the occipital lobe from cerebellum?

Tentorium cerebelli

Cerebellum is also known as ______ brain

Little brain

Cerebellum is attached to _____ and _______

Pons and medulla

How is the cerebellum attached to the pons and medulla?

Three (superior, middle, and inferior) peduncles

Cerebellum acts as the roof of the _______ ventricle

Fourth

Pons and cerebellum are part of which embryological development?

Metencephalon

What are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum?

Anterior, posterior, flucculunodular lobes

What separates anterior from posterior lobe in cerebellum?

Primary fissure (Deepest)

What are the 2 larger and additional cerebellar hemispheres of cerebellum?

Lateral zone, intermediate hemisphere and vermis

What separates the posterior lobe from flocculonodular lobe?

Posterolateral fissure

In flocculonodular lobe, the flocculus is connected to nodules by thin ______

Pedicles

Superior peduncle is also known as…

Brachial conjunctiva

Superior peduncle contain what kind of information to what structures?

Mostly outputs (efferent) to cortex via thalamus and red nucleus (midbrain)

Superior peduncle inputs via

Anterior spinocerebellar tract

Middle peduncle is also known as…

Brachium Pontis

Middle peduncle carries what kind of information?

Inputs from pontine nuclei (purely afferent)

Inferior peduncle inputs from…. (3)

Spinal cord via restiform body

Vestibular nuclei via juxtaposition restifrom body

Inferior olivary nuclei

Inferior peduncle input from spinal cord LE?

LE - Spinocerebellar tracT

Inferior peduncle inputs from spinal cord UE?

UE - Cuneocerebellar tract

What kind of input information from spinal cord to inferior peduncle?

Proprioceptive inputs - unconscious info

What kind of input information from inferior olivary nuclei to inferior peduncle?

Information from environment and helps with error detection

What tract does input information from vestibular nuclei to inferior peduncle use?

Vestibulocerebellar tract

What kind of input information from vestibular nuclei to inferior peduncle

Balance and eye movements

What tract do input information from inferior olivary nuclei to inferior peduncle use?

Olivocerebellar tract

What output info does inferior peduncle to vestibular nuclei coordinating provide?

Proprioceptive input, balance and coordinating eye movements (VOR)

What output info does inferior peduncle to reticular formation provide?

Influencing muscle tone and posture

What is the deep nuclei of lateral hemispheres?

Dentate nucleus

What is the deep nuclei of intermediate hemispheres?

Interposed nuclei

What is the deep nuclei of vermis?

Fastigial nuclei

What is the deep nuclei of inferior vermis and flucculonodular lobe?

Vestibular nuclei

Don’t Eat Greasy Food (Lateral to Medial)

Dentate, Emboliform, Globose, Fastigial

What is the function of lateral hemispheres of cerebellum?

Motor planning for extremities

What motor pathways are influenced by lateral hemispheres of cerebellum?

Lateral corticospinal tract

What is the function of intermediate hemispheres of the cerebellum?

Distal limb coordination

What motor pathways are influenced by intermediate hemispheres?

Lateral corticospinal tract, rubrospinal tract

What is the function of vermis of the cerebellum?

Proximal limb and trunk coordination

What motor pathways are influenced by vermis of cerebellum?

Anterior corticospinal tract, reticular tract, vestibulospinal tract, tectospinal tract

What is the function of flucculnodular lobe?

Balance and vestibulo-ocular reflexes

What motor pathways are influenced by flucculonodular lobe of the cerebellum?

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

What is a specialized and heavily myelinated nerve bundle that links to CNIII, IV, and VI?

Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)

What is medial longitudinal fasciculus involved with?

Smooth pursuits, saccades, vestibular ocular reflex, balance, and linear acceleration

What is the clinical implication of error detection function in cerebellum?

Repetitive task practice with error detection helps with motor learning

What is the function of cerebellar output pathways: dentate nucleus?

Motor planning for extremities and timing for movement

Which side is affected when there is an impairment in dentate nucleus?

Ipsilateral

Where does the dentate nucleus direct the input from and to?

From cerebral cortex via pontine nuclei to lateral hemispheres

Where does the output project through dentate nucleus to?

Red nucleus and ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus to influence lateral corticospinal tracts

Where does the interposed nuclei getting output from via?

Intermediate zone of cerebellar hemisphere via interposed nuclei to influence LCST and rubrospinal tracts

What is the function of the interposed nuclei pathway?

Ipsilateral distal limb coordination

Outputs from vermis via _______ ______ influence ______ ______ systems

Fastigial nucleus; medial motor systems

What is the fx of Fastigial nucleus pathway

Proximal and trunk coordination

Outputs from the flucculonodular lobes and inferior vermis have direct _______ projections to the ________ _______.

Bilateral; vestibular nuclei

What is the fx of vestibular nuclei pathway?

Balance and vestibular ocular reflex

Ataxia of extremities is _______ to the side of the lesion

Ipsilateral

Lesions lateral to the vermis may cause _______ ______

Limb ataxia

Midline lesions cause _______ _______ and _____ ______ abnormalities

Truncal ataxia (unsteady gait) and eye movement abnormalities

What is ataxia

Lack of coordination of movement

What structure is affected with limb ataxia

Lateral and immediate zones of hemisphere

What zones are affected with truncal ataxia?

Vermis is affected

Finger to nose test tests for (overshoot)

Appendicular coordination

Rapid alternating movements tests for

Appendicular coordination

Precision finger taps tests for

Appendicular coordination

Heel to shin test tests for

Appendicular coordination

Rebound phenomenon

???

Romberg test is for

Proprioception

Tandem gait is

Decreasing base of support walking

What is truncated ataxia

Wide based unsteady gait

What is the origin of PICA

Vertebral artery

What is the origin of AICA, SCA

Basilar artery

What supplies most of the superior half of cerebellar hemisphere?

SCA

What supplies deep cerebellar nuclei?

SCA

What supplies superior vermis?

SCA

What supplies the superior cerebellar peduncle?

SCA

What supplies the upper lateral pons?

SCA

If there is an infarct in SCA, you may see

Cerebella signs, Ipsilateral ataxia,

A strip of anterior cerebellum (ventral side) between PICA and the SCA is supplied by

AICA

The flocculus is supplied by

AICA

The middle cerebellar peduncle is supplied by

AICA

The inferior lateral pons is supposed by

AICA

An infarct in AICA will occur in

Unilateral hearing loss

The inferior half of the cerebellum is supplied by

PICA

The inferior vermis is supplied by

PICA

The lateral medulla is supplied by

PICA

What cerebellar infarcts are common?

PICA and SCA

SCA infarcts involve

Cerebellum and spare the lateral brainstem, Ipsilateral ataxia with little or no brainstem signs