Topic 8: Laboratory Safety

• Bacteria

  • Virus

  • Rickettsia

  • Fungi

  • Parasite

• This is the major cause of Laboratory Acquired Infection

  • state the other accordingly

Physical Hazard

TYPE OF HAZARD:

• Fire

• UV exposure

• Compressed gases

Chemical Hazard

TYPE OF HAZARD:

• Flammable

• Corrosive

Yes

Should all accidents be investigated?

Time, Distance, Shielding

Three factors for Radiation Hazard

1. Standard Precautions

2. OSHA

1. Recognizes that all infectious agents and all OPIM, except perspiration, pose risk to the healthcare worker

2. They emphasized on blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C virus.

Risk Assesment

It should answer the question:

• What are the threats and hazards?

• What is the probability of occurrence?

• Who is at risk?

• How vulnerable are the people?

• What are the potential consequences?

• How would emergency response team respond to the threat?

Risk Assessment

It is the foundation of all loss prevention and risk management programs

1. Identify the hazard

2. Assess the risk

3. Evaluate the existing controls

4. Implement additional risk controls

5. Monitor and Review

The Risk Assessment procedure (accordingly)

1

TYPE OF RISK GROUP:

• LOW/NO individual and community risk

• Unlikely to cause human disease

2

TYPE OF RISK GROUP:

• MODERATE individual and LOW community

• Unlikely to cause serious disease or be transmitted

• Effective treatment and prevention AVAILABLE

3

TYPE OF RISK GROUP:

• HIGH individual and LOW community risk

• Causes serious infections but not readily transmitted

• Effective treatment and prevention USUALLY AVAILABLE

4

TYPE OF RISK GROUP:

• HIGH individual and HIGH community risk

• Cause serious human disease and readily transmitted

• NO AVAILABLE treatment or prevention available

• Immediately after removing gloves

• After obvious contamination

• After completion of work

• Before leaving the laboratory

• Before hand contact with nonintact skin, eyes, or mucous membranes

Moments of hand washing

Engineering Controls

• Involve making changes to the work environment to reduce work related hazards

• Permanent changes that reduce exposure to hazards and do not rely on worker behavior

Engineering Control

What element of Lab Safety is this?

• Safety needle devices, all hazardous chemicals should be stored below eye level and transported in safety carriers.

• apart

• flame-resistant cabinet.

Fill in the blank:

• Incompatible chemicals should be stored _____

• Flammables should be stored in a _________

Work Practices

Procedures for safe and proper work that are used to reduce the duration, frequency, or intensity of exposure to a hazard.

Hepatitis B, Influenza, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Pertussis, Varicella

Immunization for these diseases should be done

• 4 - Deadly

• 3 - Extreme Danger

• 2 - Hazardous

• 1 - Sightly Hazardous

• 0 - Normal Material

[mnemonics: N-SHED]

HEALTH HAZARD

• 4 - Below 70F

• 3 - Below 100F

• 2 - Below 200F

• 1 - Above 100F

• 0 - Will not burn

FIRE HAZARD

• 4 - May Detonate

• 3 - Shock and Heat; May Detonate

• 2 - Violent Chemical Change

• 1 - Unstable If Heated

• 0 - Stable

[Mnemonics: SUV SM]

INSTABILITY HAZARD

1. Germicide —_{^{pathogenic organisms}}

2. Sterilant —_{^{all microbial life}}

1. A substance that kills pathogenic organisms on inanimate surfaces; inhibit growth of microbes.

2. Agents that kill all microbial life, including spores, on inanimate surfaces.

• Disinfectant —_{^{kills all microorganism, NOT THEIR SPORES}}

• Sterilant —_{^{kills all microbial life INCLUDING SPORES}}

Differentiate Disinfectant and Sterilant

Decontamination

The procedure that eliminates or reduces microbial or toxic agents to a safe level with respect to the transmission of infection or other adverse effects.

• DISCARDED

• steam sterilized for 1hr at 121 C

• soaked for 1hr in 1N NAOH

What should be done to devices or materials that are contaminated with HIGH-RISK TISSUE

BSL-3

In this BSL agent a respirator or HEPA filtered mask should be used because aerosols can transmit these agent.

1. close of at least 30 MINUTES

2. Tuberculocidal disinfectant

1. When the centrifuge breaks, it must be remain closed for at least how many minutes before decontamination is undertaken.

2. What disinfectant should be used?

Antiseptic

A germicide applied on LIVING surfaces

Triple packaging

a leak proof primary and secondary receptacle and a durable outer package.

1. A = Infectious Substance

2. Dry Ice = Class 9 Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods

3. neither A or B = Exempt Human Specimens

SHIPMENT LABELS FOR:

1. Category A

2. Dry Ice

3. Neither A or B

1. Category A infectious substance

2. Category B infectious substance

3. Patient Specimen

4. Exempt Human Specimen

1. An infectious substance transported in a form that is capable of causing permanent disability or life-threatening

2. Infectious substance which does not meet the criteria for category A (typical clinical, diagnostic, or patient specimens)

3. Material collected directly from humans for diagnostic, treatment, prevention, investigational, or research purposes.

4. Patient specimens that have neither category A nor B criteria.

Contingency planning

A written plan for alternative treatment and disposal in the event of failure of the normal waste management process.

1. Annually

2. Immediately

TRAINING FOR:

1. All employees

2. New Employees