To Present - UGA Exemption

Crop-lien System 1860-1930

a way for farmers to get credit before the planting season by borrowing against the value for anticipated harvests

Sharecroppers

1870's Tenant farmers, serfs, who worked the land they did not own for a meager share of the crops

Ku Klux Klan

-terrorism
-"purification" of american society
-right wing extremist organizations
-hate group

The Ku Klux Klan was which of the following
A. A social club
B. a terrorist organization
C. white supremacist group
D. All of the above

D. All of the above
KKK took positions such as white supremacy, white nationalism, anti-immigration, opposed Catholics and Jews
Had 3 different manifestations over time

Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river

Post Bellum Era

no slavery, crop-lien system, farmers found themselves mortgaging an implanted crop at an unspecified rate of interest for a loan of undetermined value.

Segregation

a social system that provides separate facilities for minority groups

Tunis Campbell

Prominent African American politician who represented McIntosh County as a state senator and served as a justice of the peace. Insisted on equal representation of blacks in juries.
Freedmans Bureau

Andrew Johnson

-Pres after lincoln
-The first American president to be impeached

The end of Reconstruction

-Rutherford B hayes
-Republicans promised that if Hayes was elected he would withdraw the last of the federal troops from the south, allowing the only remaining Republican Reconstruction governments to collapse
-1877 (76?)

Rutherford B. Hayes

19th president of the united states, was famous for being part of the Hayes-Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, most corrupt election in US history

Railroad Strike of 1877

One of the worst outbreaks of labor violence erupted in 1877, during economic depression, when railroad companies cut wages in order to reduce costs. It shut down 2/3 of country's rail trackage. Strike quickly becoming national in scale. For the first time since 1830s federal troops used to end labor violence. More then 100 people killed.

American Federation of Labor

-founded in 1886
- national federation of labor unions in the United States
-Samuel Gompers (pres)
-largest union grouping in the United States for the first half of the 20th century

What effect did John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry have on the United States?
A. Southerners realized that Brown was insane and chose to ignore the incident.
B. Southerners became convinced that slave uprisings could never be successful.
C. Both northern abolitionists and southern fire-eaters became incensed.
D. Many northern abolitionists, afraid of what happened, abandoned their political stance against slavery.

C. Both northern abolitionists and southern fire-eaters became incensed.

Populist Party

Farm-based movement of the late 1800s grew into a joint effort between farmer and labor groups against big business and machine-based politics. The movement became a third party in the election of 1892
Led by Tom Watson

Jim Crow laws

unwritten and written laws to follow included the poll tax, literacy test, and property requirements, separate but equal laws
-enacted after reconstruction period 1896
-racial segregation
-brown v board of ed (1954)

Voting Restrictions

poll taxes, literacy test, grandfather clause, property requirements aimed at disenfranchising black voters

Who coined the term "gilded age"

Mark Twian

John D. Rockefeller

Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history

Andrew Carnegie and the Gospel of Wealth

-says the wealthy should be used to help those in need
-established libraries
- carnegie steele companies involved in homestead strikes

Booker T. Washington

Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. His book "Up from Slavery."

Sherman Antitrust Act

-United States antitrust law (or "competition law") passed by Congress in 1890. Passed under the presidency of Benjamin Harrison, it prohibits certain business activities that Federal government deems to be anti-competitive.
-monopolies and cartels

Pendleton Act

reform measure that established the principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams and created the Civil Service Commission

Battle of Little Bighorn

In 1876, Indian leaders Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeated Custer's troops who tried to force them back on to the reservation, Custer and all his men died

Spanish American War

1898
Spain declared war on the United States
US decided to intervene after sinking of USS Maine
Pathetically onesided b/c Spain did not have army trained or ready
US Destroyed Spanish fleet in Philippines very quickly

Immigration in the early 1900s

-By 1910, Eastern and Southern Europeans made up 70 percent of the immigrants entering the country.
-dropped in 1914 after the war
-Ellis Island

Battle of Wounded Knee

The battle between U.S. military troops and Lakota Sioux Indians at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota on December 29, 1890, resulted in the deaths of perhaps 300 Sioux men, women, and children. The massacre at Wounded Knee was the last major battle of the Indian Wars of the late 19th century.

Ellis Island

-Built in 1892, the center handled some 12 million European immigrants, herding thousands of them a day through the barn-like structure during the peak years for screening
-New York

County-unit System

1912 - It gave each county or district a certain number of votes. The bigger the district, the more votes. This inaccurately stated what people wanted and gave rural areas MORE votes, which did not represent what most people would prefer. AGAINST urban counties

Grover Cleveland

22nd and 24th president, Democrat, Honest and hardworking, fought corruption, vetoed hundreds of wasteful bills, achieved the Interstate Commerce Commission and civil service reform, violent suppression of strikes

Convict Lease System

allowed private companies to rent persons convicted of serious crimes

Progressive Movement

aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life
16th 17th 19th amend

World War 1

1914 - Started with assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Allies- US, GB, France, Russia , Italy
Central Powers - Germany , Hungary, Ottoman Empire
US joined when German U-boat sank Lusitania

When did the US join the WW1?

1917
WW1 - 1914 - 1918
-declared war against the german empire

US contributions to WW1

- they were an independent power and did not join the Allies
- Contributions such as raw material and money started in 1917
-Woodrow Wilson was president during the war

Treaty of Versailles

- signed 1919
-was one of the peace treaties at the end of WW1
-Ended the war between germany and the allied powers

Federal Reserve Act

Act of Congress that created and established the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States, and granted it the legal authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes (now commonly known as the U.S. Dollar) and Federal Reserve Bank Notes as legal tender.
1913

The Panama Canal

-opened 1914
-reduced travel time between the atlantic and pacific oceans
-during wilson presidency

Booker T Washington

-African American Educator
-born into slavery and became a voice for former slaves
-Atlanta Compromise: Booker called for black progress through education rather than challenging jim crow laws.

Who was the keynote speaker at the 1895 Cotton Exposition?

A. W.E.B. Dubois
B. Booker T Washington
C. Tunis Campbell
D. Eli Whitney

B. Booker T Washington

Rather than advocate for equal political and social power, Washington urged blacks to make progress as agricultural and industrial laborers and, easing white fears about racial integration, argued that the races could be "as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress."

Rebecca Latimer Felton

A civic leader that supported women's suffrage and temperance as well as strongly disagreed with the convict lease system. She was also the first woman to serve in the US Senate. Foremost feminist

Leo Frank

Jewish factory manager in Atlanta who was convicted of murdering a female employee. A mob lynched him in his jail cell

W.E.B. Du Bois

-First African American to earn a doctorate at harvard
-Co founder of NAACP( national association for the advancement of colored people) 1909
-opposed Atlanta compromise

Free silver (Populism)

-the use of both silver and gold as currency
-incorrect ratios that made the silver lose value
-inflation... but maybe not beneficial
- fourth coinage act of 1873 demonetized silver until the federal reserve act overhauled the U.S monetary system.
-supported by populist party

Jim Crow laws were:
A. declared from the beginning to be unconstitutional.
B. a method of imposing strict segregation in even the smallest aspects of society.
C. laws passed by supporters of African-American equality to insure their equal treatment in Southern states.
D. a series of acts passed by Congress to encourage the growth of agriculture in the South.

B. a method of imposing strict segregation in even the smallest aspects of society.

The most significant third political party of the late nineteenth century was the:
A. Whig Party.
B. Progressive Party.
C. Populist Party.
D. Mugwump Party.

C. Populist Party.

Prohibition

-nationwide constitutional ban on the sale, production, importation, and transportation of alcoholic beverages
-1920-1933
-led by social progressives
-18th Amendment
-ended by 21st amendment
-makes one of the last stages of the progressive eras

Was prohibition a failure?

not completely. It cut alcohol consumption in half during the 20s
-possibly increased urban crime organizations

Volstead Act

-1919
- the popular name for the National Prohibition Act, over President Woodrow Wilson's veto.

The Red Scare

-promotion of fear of a potential rise of communism or radical leftism, used by anti-leftist proponents.
-First Red Scare was about worker (socialist) revolution and political radicalism. The Second Red Scare was focused on national and foreign communists influencing society, infiltrating the federal government, or both.

The New Deal

-Relief, Recovery, and Reform
-FDR
-Democrats had majority
-2 separate deals
-deal 1: tried to recover and protect against possible future crashed
-deal 2: labor unions, social security act

The Great Depression

-1929 - 1939
-The Great Depression had devastating effects in countries both rich and poor. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged by more than 50%.
-heavy industry was hit hard

How did Talmadge end the 1934 Textile Strike

He declared martial law, using the National Guard to break the 1934 textile strike in Georgia and incarcerate the strikers in a hastily constructed camp near Atlanta.

US Unemployment Rate during Great Depression

Unemployment in the U.S. rose to 25% and in some countries rose as high as 33%

Agricultural Adjustment Administration

Restricted agricultural production in the New Deal era by paying farmers to reduce crop area. Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus so as to effectively raise the value of crops, thereby giving farmers relative stability again.
Paid farmers to destroy surplus and limit production ; An unintended consequence of the policy, however, was to put farmers out of work, causing even greater numbers to seek other means of employment. 1933

World War 2

1939 - 1945
Allies - US, GB, France, Soviet Union
Axis - Germany Japan Italy
Germany Invaded Poland Japan Bombed Pearl Harbor
Ended with Hiroshima

Franklin D. Roosevelt

President of the US during Great Depression and World War II. Implemented New Deal.

Only president served 3 terms!

Un-American Activities Committee

House committee on international security looking for alleged disloyalty 1938. communist ties

Domino Theory

1950s to the 1980's if one country in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect.

Pearl Harbor

-1941
-strike against US by Imperial japanese navy
-Led the US into WW11
-declared a war crime
-voided roosevelt's neutrality act

Victory Gardens

Victory gardens, also called war gardens or food gardens for defense, were vegetable, fruit, and herb gardens planted at private residences and public parks in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Germany during World War I and World War II.
-Used to reduce pressure on public food supply

Calvin Coolidge

-Vice President of Harding then finished his term when he died and was reelected as President in 1924
o Roaring 20s Herbert Hoover was his Sec. of State
o Tax cuts, farm subsidies

Scopes Trial

-1925
-Sub teacher was accused of violating tennessee's Butler Act (Unlawful to teach human evolution)

The Harlem Renaissance was:
A. a new craze in urban planning inspired by the New York borough of the same name.
B. an African-American literary and artistic movement.
C. an architectural revival of Manhattan.
D. a school of urban landscape painting.

B. an African-American literary and artistic movement.

\________ found themselves forced into internment camps in the western U.S. during
World War II.
A. Jewish-Americans
B. Japanese-Americans
C. African-Americans
D. German-Americans

B. Japanese-Americans

Cold War

political and military tension b/w Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact).
-1947-91
-No large scale fighting b/w sides
-proxy wars

Mutually Assured Destruction

The MAD doctrine assumes that each side has enough nuclear weaponry to destroy the other side and that either side, if attacked for any reason by the other, would retaliate without fail with equal or greater force.

Containment

- US policy using numerous strategies to prevent the spread of communism during the Cold War
-global effort

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization
-Mutual defense between the states in the treaty (Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States)

Baker v Carr

1962 set a precedent for federal court intervention in state legislative apportionment disputes and thus paved the way for the courts to invalidate the county-unit unit system.

Cuban Missile Crisis

-aka October crisis
-1962
-confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over Soviet ballistic missiles deployed in Cuba.
-Khrushchev and Fidel Castro
-Kennedy and Khrushchev came to an agreement and the soviets dismantled.
-Moscow-Washington hotline was formed

Vietnam War

-b/w North vietnam (Supported by soviets and china) ans South vietnam (Supported by US and other anti-communist allies)
-1955-75
-U.S ended its involvement in the war in 1973

Tet Offensive

o Military campaign during the Vietnam War in 1968
o Series of surprise attacks by the Vietcong and N Vietnamese on US troops. US won but still caused physical and psychological destruction
o Vietnam war was mainly guerilla tactics

John F Kennedy (JFK)

The Cuban Missile Crisis, The Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, the establishment of the Peace Corps, developments in the Space Race, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Civil Rights Movement, the "New Frontier" domestic program, abolition of the federal death penalty in the District of Columbia, and increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War all took place during his presidency.
-Assassinated 1963

Who assassinated John F Kennedy?

Lee Harvey Oswald

Brown V. Board of ed.

1954
-Was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional.

Malcom X

AA muslim minister and human rights activist and was assassinated

Youth Movement

The youths didn't agree with the US's involvement in the Vietnam war so they began protesting in the 60s and 70s
-began on college campuses

Civil rights movement

-1960s
-Montgomery Bus boycotts
-Selma to montgomery marches

Martin Luther King

-American Baptist minister, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement.
- Nonviolent civil disobedience
- lead the bus boycott
-March on Washington (I have a dream)
Nobel Peace Prize 1964

Martin Luther King, Jr. first came to national prominence during:

A. the Greensboro Woolworth's lunch counter sit-in.

B. Freedom Summer.
C. the 1961 Freedom Rides.

D. the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955.

D. the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955.

Civil rights act of 1964

banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in employment practices and ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace

Voting Rights Act of 1965

prohibits racial discrimination in voting.
- signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson

Lyndon Johnson

-one term
-pres during ww2

New Deal efforts

-wanted to make the federal government more economically and socially responsible for its citizens
-Challenged racism and discrimination

19th Amendment

gives women suffrage / right to vote

National Organization of Women

-NOW
unsuccessfully campaigned for an equal rights amendment to the constitution

Roe v Wade

the case that legalized abortion nationwide

Richard Nixon

-Ended American Involvement in the war in vietnam
-established EPA
-President during apollo moon landing

What happened at Kent State University on May 4, 1970?


A. Rioting student protesters took control of the campus.

B. A bomb exploded in the science laboratory.

C. National guardsmen fired into a group of protesting students.
(protesting Nixon's announcement ot invade Cambodia and the Vietnam War)
D. The members of a religious cult committed suicide.

C. National guardsmen fired into a group of protesting students.
(protesting Nixon's announcement ot invade Cambodia and the Vietnam War)

Who was the President after Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford and then Jimmy Carter then Reagan

Camp David Accords

-twelve days of secret negotiations at camp david
-Egypt-Israel Peace treaty
Camp David Accords and the Arab-Israeli Peace Process. The Camp David Accords, signed by President Jimmy Carter, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin in September 1978, established a framework for a historic peace treaty concluded between Israel and Egypt in March 1979.

Ronald Reagan

- lift government regulations, reduce taxes, and reduce domestic spending by drastically curtailing social welfare-supply side economics (reaganomics)
-End of cold war during his presidency
-Iraq-iran war
-Fall of berlin wall

Ronald Reagan was referring to \_________ when he spoke of the "Evil Empire"

Soviet Union

Iraqi Attack against Kuwait

-Iraqis believed that kuwait was stealing their petroleum
-Kuwait fell and became the 19th province of Iraq
-1990

Gulf War

-1990

-defense for Saudi Arabia in response to the invasion of kuwait
-George H W bush

Operation Desert Storm

international armed forces, including British and US troops, attacked Iraq in the Gulf War. It began on 16 January 1991 and lasted 100 days.

Which nation held fifty-eight hostages in their capital's American Embassy in 1979 and 1980?

A. Iraq

B. The Soviet Union

C. Nicaragua

D. Iran

D. Iran

Jimmy Carter

39th President who stressed human rights. Because of the Soviet war in Afghanistan, he enacted an embargo on grain shipments to USSR and boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow; former Georgia governor
WON NOBLE PEACE PRIZE
1977-1981

Why did the US boycott the 1980 Olympics?

to protest 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan