APUSH Period 2 Vocab

Pilgrims

The Pilgrims were separatists who broke away from the Church of England. Settled in Plymouth in 1620. Mayflower Compact established self-government in the colony.

Salutary Neglect

A period from 1607-1763 in which England did not strictly enforce Parliamentary laws, which allowed the colonies to flourish as almost independent states for many years.

Indentured Servants

Contracted labor for a fixed term in exchange for the cost of their passage to the new world. Most were young unskilled males serving 2-7 years. Headright Grants encouraged land owners to use indentured servants.

Roger Williams

He was forced out of Massachusettscolony for promoting religious freedom and questioning treatment of Native Americans. Later, established the colony of Rhode Island which became the only colony at that time to offer complete religious freedom.

Anne Hutchinson

Banished from Massachusetts because she attacked the Puritan doctrine of predestination and gender roles.

King Phillip's War

Native Americans in New England led by Chief Metacom (King Phillip) resist Puritan expansion but lose. The significant is that Native Americans will never again seriously threaten the existence of the New England colonies.

Slave Codes

Series of laws passed in southern colonies to defend the status of slaves and codify the denial of basic civil rights to them. Followed the tradition established in the West Indies where slaves greatly outnumbered their owners.

Stono Revolt

South Carolina- 20 recently arrived slaves sacked an armory in Stone, SC, armed themselves, and marched toward Florida. Killed some 30 colonists. leads colonial authorities to shut off slave trade through Charleston for the next 10 years.

Triangular Trade (Atlantic Slave Trade)

Backbone of New England economy during the colonial period.
Example: Manufactured goods and rum for slaves in Africa, slaves traded for sugar and molasses in Caribbean, then ships return to New England with sugar to make rum.

Middle Passage

Part of triangular trade-trip from Africa to the new world where many slaves died from the horrid conditions.

African Slave Culture

New pattern of music, dance, religions, oral tradition were all part of the new culture. Many Africans were converted to Christianity during the Great Awakening. Invention of a language that was a mix dialect allowed for country born and "saltwater" Africans to communicate.

New England Colonies

Colonial society in the North was more religious, family oriented and small family farms with diverse crops was the norm. Economy was diverse but good ports provided basis of their economy. Slavery was not profitable.

Southern Colonies

Severe class system. Economy centered on large single crop plantations. Many indentured servants/African slaves. Rural.

Middle Colonies

Known as the Bread colonies for their production of wheat and grain. Economically diversified because of rich soil for large scale agriculture and good ports for shipping industries. More freedom of religion in these colonies made them the most ethnically diverse region in the American colonies.

John Locke

English political philosopher whose ideas inspired the American revolution. He wrote that all human beings have a right to life, liberty, and property, and that governments exist to protect those rights and if the government failed to uphold its end of the contract, the people had a right to rebel and institue a new government.

George Whitefield

Anglican minister from England. He was a great orator, his preaching had a power effect and was emotional and brought people to tears and to God. Leader of the Great Awakening. Jonathan Edwards is another minister to known because of famous "sinners in the hands of an angry God" sermon.

Mercantilism

Called for colonies to bring wealth to their mother country England. It was a system of regulations in which the government will intervene in the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth. Navigation laws and trade restrictions re example.

Navigation Acts

Forbid American trade with any country not ruled by England. Intended to make England wealthy by stating the colonies existed as both suppliers of raw materials and markets for English manufactured goods. Many of the products could only go to England (sugar, molasses, rum, tobacco, rice, indigo, furs, skins, pine masts, resin). Smuggling became common.

Junipero Serra

A Roman Catholic Spanish Franciscan friar who founded the California mission system which were primarily designed to convert the natives. Founded 9 of the 21 Spanish missions in California from San Diego to San Francisco.

Pueblo Revolt

1680, revolt by Pueblo Indians against Spanish colonists in Santa Fe, New Mexico that temporarily ended Spanish rule in New Mexico.

Jamestown

First permanent English colony in America founded by the Virginia Company, a joint-stock company. Starvation was the major problem; Virginia becomes successful when John Role begins growing tobacco for export.

John Rolfe

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

House of Burgesses (1619)

Virginia formed the first legislative body in colonial America. Becomes example for all other colonies to create colonial legislatures as well.

Puritans

The Puritans were non-separatists who wished to adopt reforms to purify the Church of England. They settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629. Governor John Winthrop called for them to be a "city upon a hill."

Bacon's Rebellion

Nathaniel Bacon and other former indentured servants attacked the government of Virginia for failing to protect them from Native Americans. Rebels are defeated but as a result the wealthy landowners decided that a more controllable workforce was needed so turned to African slaves.

Quakers

Known as Society of Friends. Were among the first colonists to call for abolition of slavery. Colony of Pennsylvania was founded as a haven for Quakers by William Penn in 1681.

Enlightenment

Cultural movement of intellectuals beginning in late 17th century Europe emphasizing reason rather than tradition. The political ideals of the enlightenment later influenced the American Declaration of Independence.

Half-Way Covenant

The Half-way Covenant applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn't achieved grace themselves. The covenant allowed them to participate in some church affairs.

Great Awakening

Puritanism had declined by the 1730s, The Great Awakening was a sudden outbreak of religious fervor that swept through the colonies. It led to the founding of higher learning colleges like Princeton, Brown, and Dartmouth. It broke down sectional boundaries and denominational lines.

Zenger Trial

1734-1735 in NY; newspaper printer John Peter Zenger exposed the corrupt royal governor and was charged with libel; was declared innocent and it was a great victory for freedom of the press.