The Philippine Constitution, National Symbols, and Filipino Values (Vocabulary Flashcards)

Vocabulary flashcards focusing on key terms from Philippine constitutional history, national symbols, volunteerism frameworks, and Filipino values and culture.

Malolos Constitution (1898–1901)

First Philippine Constitution; the first republican constitution in Asia.

Philippine Organic Act of 1902

Act that provided a Philippine Assembly composed of Filipino citizens.

Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916

Act that included the first pledge of Philippine Independence.

Commonwealth and 1935 Constitution (1935–1943 & 1945–1972)

Result of the 1934 Philippine Independence Act; paved the way for a new constitution.

Japanese-Sponsored Republic / 1943 Constitution

Japanese-implemented government during WWII; constitution later nullified.

Martial Law Constitution / 1973 Constitution

Constitution during Marcos era; a Constitutional Convention was held to amend the 1935 Constitution.

Freedom Constitution / 1987 Constitution

Transitional constitution issued after Martial Law; restored democracy under President Aquino.

Due Process of Law

No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process.

Equal Protection of the Laws

Laws must treat all persons equally and prohibit discriminatory application.

Unreasonable Searches and Seizures

Protections against searches without probable cause and a warrant issued by a judge.

Inviolability of Privacy of Communication

Privacy of communications is protected unless lawfully ordered by a court.

Exclusionary Evidence Rule

Evidence obtained illegally is inadmissible in court.

Freedom of Speech, Expression, Press

No law shall abridge the freedom of speech, expression, or the press; includes right to peaceably assemble and petition.

Establishment of Religion; Free Exercise

No establishment of religion; free exercise guaranteed; no religious test for civil rights.

Right to Information and Access to Records

Right to access information on public concerns and to government records.

Right to Form Unions

Right to form unions, associations, or societies not contrary to law.

Right to Private Property and Just Compensation

Private property cannot be taken for public use without just compensation.

Obligation of Contracts

No law shall impair the obligation of contracts.

Free Access to Courts and Legal Aid

Everyone must have access to courts; poverty should not bar legal assistance.

Rights During Custodial Interrogation (Remain Silent and Counsel)

Informing suspects of rights to remain silent and to have counsel; counsel provided if unaffordable.

Prohibition of Torture and Coercion

Torture and coercive practices are prohibited; secret detention is forbidden.

Illegally Obtained Confessions are Inadmissible

Confessions obtained in violation of rights cannot be used in court.

Right to Bail and Presumption of Innocence

Most offenses allow bail; accused are presumed innocent until proven guilty.

Right to a Speedy, Impartial Trial

Criminal prosecutions must be speedy, public, and fair.

Writ of Habeas Corpus

Protection against unlawful detention; not suspended except in invasion or rebellion.

Self-Incrimination Protection

No person shall be compelled to testify against themselves.

No Involuntary Servitude; Humane Punishments

No forced labor; cruel or inhuman punishment prohibited; death penalty governed by law.

Double Jeopardy and Ex Post Facto

No person shall be punished twice for the same offense; no retroactive criminal laws.

Right to Speedy Disposition of Cases

All persons have the right to a speedy resolution of cases before courts and agencies.

Pledge of Allegiance to the National Flag (Panunumpa ng Katapatan)

A pledge recited after the National Anthem pledging loyalty to the flag and the country.

National Anthem Interpretation

The Anthem should be interpreted according to Julian Felipe’s arrangement, with original lyrics and tempo.

National Motto

MAKA-Diyos, MAKA-Tao, MAKAKalikasan at MAKABANSA.

National Coat of Arms

Heraldic symbol with eight-rayed sun; provinces and regions represented; inscribed motto.

The Great Seal

Circular seal mirroring the Coat of Arms, without the scroll; bears the national motto.

Flag Heraldic Code Provisions

Code guiding the display and respect of the flag and related symbols.

Half-Mast Rules

Flag at half-mast on specified days for designated officials.

Casket Rule for the National Flag

White triangle at the head of the casket; blue field on the right; flag may cover the casket with care.

Prohibited Acts with the National Flag

Mutilation, defacement, improper display, or using the flag as clothing or advertisement.

National Symbol Display Restrictions

Restrictions on displaying the flag with foreign flags except in embassies and international offices.

Panunumpa ng Katapatan sa Watawat

Pledge of Allegiance recited after the National Anthem.

PNVSCA (Philippine National Volunteer Service Coordinating Agency)

Agency coordinating national volunteer service programs; created by EO 134.

MSAB (Multi-Sectoral Advisory Body)

Body advising PNVSCA with representation from government, corporate, and civil sectors.

Filipino Values and Value Origin

Values defined as beliefs guiding right and wrong; rooted in cultural and historical factors.

Utang na Loob

Debt of gratitude; reciprocal loyalty and obligation.

Bayanihan

Community spirit; collective effort to help neighbors (e.g., moving a house).

Bahala Na; Mañana Habit; Ningas Kugon; Amor Proprio

Cultural traits: risk-taking/spontaneity; procrastination; waning enthusiasm; saving face.

Pakikipagkapwa-Tao; Familialism; Particularism

Relational harmony, family-centered values, and kinship-focused social norms.

Strengths and Weaknesses of Filipino Character

Positive traits like camaraderie and resilience; negatives like extreme personalism and lack of initiative.