Solutions

9A: Mixtures and Solutions

• Types of Heterogenous Mixtures

  • Suspension: a heterogenous mixture of a fluid and large particles that will settle out over time

  • Colloid: a heterogenous mixture in which the dispersed particles will not settle out

• Solvation: the process of dissolving a solute into a liquid

  • Dissociation: the physical separation of the ions in a solid ionic compound by the action of a solvent

• solubility: The maximum amount of solute into a liquid solvent

• Separating Mixtures

  • Evaporation

  • Magnetism

  • Filtering/Sifting

  • Distillation

9B: Solution Concentration

• Saturation

  • Concentration: the actual amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solution

  • Saturated Solution: a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that it can hold at a given temperature

  • Unsaturated Solution: a solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute that it could hold at a given temperature

  • Supersaturated Solution: a solution that contains more than the maximum amount of solute that it can normally hold at a given temperature

Colligative Properties

• Colligative Property: a physical property of solutions that depends only on the concentration of dissolved particles and not on the identity or properties of the solute

  • Boiling Point Elevation: the increase in the boiling point of a solvent due to the presence of dissolved solute

  • Freezing Point Depression: the lowering of the freezing point of a solvent due to the presence of a dissolved solute