Human Reproduction – Midwifery Lecture

100 fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key definitions, hormones, processes, and the importance of human reproduction in midwifery practice.

According to RA 2644 Sec. 24, a __ is a professional who cares for normal child-bearing women from pregnancy until the end of puericulture and the neonatal period.

Midwife

Termination of pregnancy before the 20th week of gestation or when the fetus weighs under 500 g is called __.

Abortion

The absence or cessation of menstruation is termed __.

Amenorrhea

The period before labor or delivery is known as the __ period.

Antepartum

A 4–5-day-old hollow ball of cells that implants in the uterus is called a __.

Blastocyst

The process of freezing reproductive material for preservation is __.

Cryopreservation

A pregnancy that develops outside the uterine lining, often in the fallopian tube, is an __ pregnancy.

Ectopic

A female gamete released by the ovary is an __.

Egg

A fertilized egg that has begun cell division is termed an __.

Embryo

The principal ovarian estrogen produced in the follicles is __.

Estradiol

The hormone group that thickens the uterine wall each month is collectively called __.

Estrogen

Sperm penetrating an egg, potentially leading to pregnancy, is known as __.

Fertilization

A fluid-filled sac in the ovary containing an egg is called a __.

Follicle

The pituitary hormone that stimulates follicular growth is __.

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Male sperm and female eggs are collectively referred to as __.

Gametes

__, produced by the hypothalamus, triggers the release of LH and FSH.

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

The hormone detected by most pregnancy tests is __.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

For pregnancy to continue, the embryo must __ into the endometrium.

Implant

The inability to conceive or sustain a pregnancy is called __.

Infertility

Placing sperm directly into the uterus or cervix is termed __.

Insemination

Combining sperm and eggs in a laboratory to create embryos is the process of __.

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

The pituitary hormone essential for estrogen production in females is __.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

The process of egg cell production is called __.

Oogenesis

The medical term for a mature egg cell is __.

Oocyte

The release of an egg from the ovary into the fallopian tube is __.

Ovulation

The brain gland that secretes FSH and LH is the __.

Pituitary gland

The hormone that prepares the uterine lining during the second half of the cycle is __.

Progesterone

The fluid in which sperm swim is known as __.

Semen

The male reproductive cell that fertilizes an egg is a __.

Sperm

The process of sperm production is called __.

Spermatogenesis

The hormone that aids spermatogenesis and is present in smaller amounts in women is __.

Testosterone

A fertilized egg before it starts cell division is a __.

Zygote

Understanding human reproduction helps midwives monitor __ development during pregnancy.

Fetal

Midwives rely on reproductive physiology knowledge to manage __ safely.

Labor and delivery

Educating families about __ enables informed decisions on child spacing.

Family planning

Midwives provide guidance on __ health, including cycles and fertility awareness.

Menstrual

Through education, midwives help reduce the risk of __ and improve maternal and neonatal health.

Complications

Knowledge of human reproduction supports midwives in offering __ care from preconception to postnatal periods.

Holistic

Human reproduction is described as __ to midwifery practice.

Central

The highest levels of estradiol occur just __ ovulation.

Before

For implantation, the embryo must attach to the lining of the __.

Uterus (endometrium)

In assisted conception, HCG is administered approximately __ hours before egg retrieval.

36

The blastocyst is a __-filled sphere that implants in the uterus.

Liquid

Injectable ovulation drugs containing FSH help spur growth of the __.

Follicles

In males, LH is necessary for sperm production and __ secretion.

Testosterone

GnRH is produced by the __ in the brain.

Hypothalamus

Cryopreservation can be used to freeze __, sperm, or embryos.

Eggs (oocytes)

An ectopic pregnancy most commonly occurs in the __ tube.

Fallopian

The uterine lining prepared by progesterone is called the __.

Endometrium

A zygote becomes an __ once cell division begins.

Embryo

FSH and LH are classified as __ hormones.

Gonadotropin

The collective term for the formation of gametes is __.

Gametogenesis

Midwives guide women through the __ period immediately following birth.

Postnatal

The care of mother and baby until the end of the postnatal period is termed __.

Puericulture

Adding sperm to eggs during IVF is another use of the term __.

Insemination

Successful pregnancy depends on the proper __ of the embryo into the endometrium.

Implantation

During the menstrual cycle, __ thickens the uterine wall.

Estrogen

During the luteal phase, __ maintains the uterine lining for implantation.

Progesterone

The hormone measured by over-the-counter pregnancy tests is __.

HCG

The pituitary gland is located at the base of the __.

Brain

In men, __ stimulates testosterone production.

LH

Midwives use reproductive knowledge to detect potential __ during pregnancy.

Complications

Educating women about contraception is part of __ planning.

Family

The embryo reaches the __ stage before implantation.

Blastocyst

In an ectopic pregnancy, implantation occurs __ the uterine lining.

Outside

Cryopreservation is a method used to __ reproductive cells for future use.

Preserve

__ stimulates follicle growth and is used in injectable drugs for ovulation induction.

FSH

The hypothalamic hormone that prompts the pituitary to release gonadotropins is __.

GnRH

The process of sperm production is called __.

Spermatogenesis

The male reproductive cell, the __, swims in semen.

Sperm

An egg released during __ may be fertilized in the fallopian tube.

Ovulation

Embryos created through IVF first develop in a __ setting.

Laboratory

When fertility problems arise, infertility can be medically __, diagnosed and treated.

Investigated

To keep the corpus luteum producing progesterone, the hormone __ is required.

HCG

Pregnancy continues only if __ of the embryo is successful.

Implantation

Knowledge of human reproduction allows midwives to offer advice on maternal __ and well-being.

Health

The lecture states that midwifery care extends until the end of __.

Puericulture

A round sac found in the ovary that contains an egg is called a __.

Follicle

__ is the main form of estrogen produced in the ovarian follicles.

Estradiol

An early pregnancy located in the fallopian tube is an example of an __ pregnancy.

Ectopic

Male and female __ fuse during fertilization to form a zygote.

Gametes

After fertilization, the zygote undergoes rapid __ division.

Cell

Midwives teach couples about __ health to achieve or avoid pregnancy.

Reproductive

__ levels peak just before an egg is released from the ovary.

Estradiol

The hormone driving the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle is __.

FSH

The luteal-phase hormone responsible for sustaining the endometrium is __.

Progesterone

The abbreviation __ refers to fertilization performed outside the body.

IVF

In assisted reproduction, __ is given 36 hours before egg retrieval to mature eggs.

HCG

Midwives address reproductive-related conditions by providing __ care.

Holistic

Storing reproductive cells at ultra-low temperatures is called __.

Cryopreservation

Cessation of menstrual periods is medically termed __.

Amenorrhea

Production of estrogen in females depends on the hormone __.

LH

The professional who cares for normal child-bearing women from pregnancy until the end of puericulture and the neonatal period is defined by \\.\n\n

RA 2644 Sec. 24