chemistry exam #3

What is the difference between solute and solvent?

The solute is the substance that is dissolved in a solution, while the solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute.

What are electrolytes?

Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, allowing the solution to conduct electricity.

What are nonelectrolytes?

Nonelectrolytes are substances that do not dissociate into ions in solution and do not conduct electricity.

What is a strong electrolyte?

A strong electrolyte is a substance that completely dissociates into ions in solution, resulting in high conductivity.

What is a weak electrolyte?

A weak electrolyte is a substance that partially dissociates into ions in solution, resulting in low conductivity.

How can the concentration of a solution be expressed?

Concentration can be expressed in various ways, including molarity, percent by mass, parts per million (ppm), and parts per billion (ppb).

What is the difference between dilute and concentrated solutions?

A dilute solution has a low concentration of solute, while a concentrated solution has a high concentration of solute.

How do you calculate molarity?

Molarity is calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute by the volume of solution in liters (M = moles/L).

How do you calculate the moles of solute in a solution?

To calculate the moles of solute, multiply the molarity of the solution by the volume of the solution in liters.

How do you calculate the volume needed for a given number of solute moles?

To calculate the volume needed, divide the number of moles of solute by the molarity of the solution (Volume = moles/Molarity).

What are macroscopic observations of a chemical change?

Macroscopic observations may include color change, temperature change, gas production, and the formation of a precipitate.

What is the importance of balancing a chemical equation?

Balancing a chemical equation ensures that the law of conservation of mass is upheld, meaning the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.

What is a precipitation reaction?

A precipitation reaction occurs when two soluble salts react in solution to form an insoluble solid, known as a precipitate.

What is an acid-base reaction?

An acid-base reaction involves the transfer of protons (H+) between an acid and a base, often resulting in the formation of water and a salt.

What is a monoprotic acid?

A monoprotic acid is an acid that can donate only one proton (H+) per molecule in a reaction.

What is a diprotic acid?

A diprotic acid is an acid that can donate two protons (H+) per molecule in a reaction.

What is a triprotic acid?

A triprotic acid is an acid that can donate three protons (H+) per molecule in a reaction.

What is the meaning of coefficients in a balanced equation?

Coefficients in a balanced equation indicate the relative number of moles of each reactant and product involved in the reaction.

What is mole-mole conversion?

Mole-mole conversion uses the coefficients from a balanced chemical equation to relate the number of moles of reactants and products.

What is mass-mass conversion?

Mass-mass conversion uses mole ratios and molar masses to relate the masses of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

What is an acid-base titration?

An acid-base titration is a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of an acid or base by neutralizing it with a base or acid of known concentration.