Superpower relations + Cold War

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Ideology

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68 Terms

1

Ideology

A set of political ideas/beliefs on how society should be run

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2

Name the 2 ideologies

Communism and Capitalism

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3

Does capitalism or communism have free elections?

Capitalism

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4

Does the state own everything in capitalism or communism?

Communism

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5

Is there a class system/hierarchy in capitalism or communism?

Capitalism

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6

Does capitalism or communism have a classless system?

Communism

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7

Does capitalism or communism have more freedom?

Capitalism

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8

Does capitalism or communism have a lack of freedom and censorship?

Communism

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9

Is everyone treated the same in capitalism or communism?

Communism

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10

Name rules in capitalism

  • Free elections - people can vote their own leaders

  • Everyone can own a business so everyone has opportunities to get rich

  • Company’s choose their own prices/goods - more competition, money and goods available

  • Class system/hierachy

  • Large gap between poor and rich

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11

Name rules in communism

  • No free election - people can’t vote/choose their leaders

  • State owns everything - no chance of becoming rich

  • State control everything so no choice in goods - less competition, bland and boring food

  • Classless society

  • Everyone treated the same = everyone treated equally badly/poor

  • Censorship

  • Lack of freedom

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12

Does the USA support communism or capitalism?

Capitalism

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13

Does the USSR support communism or capitalism?

Communism

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14

Does Britain support communism or capitalism?

Capitalism

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15

Who was in the grand alliance?

Britain, Soviet Union and USA.

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16

What were the 2 main superpowers?

Soviet Union and USA

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17

Why was the Cold War cold?

It didn’t involve any direct confrontation between the USSR and USA

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18

Why was the grand alliance formed?

To defeat Hitler and Nazi Germany

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19

How was the grand alliance a weak alliance from the very start?

USA + GB were suspicious of Stalin whilst the Soviets were suspicious of the west, showing they lacked trust

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20

How many conferences were there between 1943-5?

3

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21

What were the 3 conferences in 1943-5?

Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam

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22

What was the 1st conference?

Tehran conference

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23

What was the 2nd conference?

Yalta conference

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24

What was the 3rd conference?

Potsdam conference

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25

Who attended the Tehran conference?

Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt (FDR)

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26

Who attended the Yalta conference?

Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt (FDR)

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27

Who attended the Potsdam conference?

Stalin, Churchill (replaced by Attlee) and Truman

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28

What was agreed at Tehran?

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29

Who was happy after Tehran and why?

Stalin/USSR was happy because they gained land from Poland

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30

Who saw Tehran as a success?

Stalin

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31

What were tensions in the grand alliance like at Tehran?

Countries were busy defeating their common enemy (Nazi Germany) so tensions were low and put aside.

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32

Who did Roosevelt tend to side with at Tehran?

Stalin

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33

What was agreed at Yalta?

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34

What was disagreed on at Yalta?

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35

What were tensions in the grand alliance like at Yalta?

Tensions worsened slightly because there were small disagreements/trust issues.

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36

What happened after Yalta but before Potsdam?

  • USA secretly tested an atomic bomb

  • USA dropped bomb on Hiroshima/Nagasaki in Japan

  • A communist government had been set up in Poland by Stalin however he had agreed at Yalta that he would allow Eastern European countries to be free

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37

What were tensions in the grand alliance like at Potsdam?

  • Tensions worsened again

  • Countries don’t trust each other

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38

What did Truman do just before the Potsdam Conference?

Truman drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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39

How did the USSR go against the Yalta agreement?

  • At Yalta and Potsdam, the countries agreed to free elections

  • The USSR used salami tactics to make sure a communism government won

  • These government governments got rid of opposition parties making them single parties states

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40

Arms race

The USA and the Soviet Union competed against each other to create and stockpile the most advanced weapons.

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41

What is the long telegram?

A secret report from US ambassador Kennan to President Truman

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42

When was the long telegram?

1946

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43

What did Kennan say in the Long telegram?

  • Stalin was spreading communism + wanted to destroy capitalism

  • USSR were building military and nuclear power

  • Advised Truman to act aggressively so Stalin will back down

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44

What was the Novikov telegram?

A report from soviet ambassador Novikov to Stalin.

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45

When was the Novikov telegram?

1946

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46

What did Novikov say in the Novikov Telegram?

  • USA was preparing war with Soviet

  • USA wanted to use military power to attack the Soviet

  • Claims that the USSR was the Only country left after war that could stand up to the USA (Superpowers)

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47

Who delivered a famous speech in 1946?

Winston Churchill

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48

When and what did Winston Churchill say in his famous speech?

1946 - said an iron curtain was separating Europe into the East (Communism) and West (Capitalism)

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49

What did the USSR do between 1945 and 1949?

Take control of most of Eastern Europe; naming them Satellite States.

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50

Name some satellite states

Hungary, Poland, East Germany, Bulgaria, Romania

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51

What was Truman concenered about after the creation of the satellite states?

That communism would spread into Western Europe

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52

Why was Truman concerned that Western European countries would turn to communism?

  • Europe was devastated after war - people were left poor hopeless and jobless

  • Communism was attractive to people because it made sure everyone got enough/wealth was shared

  • Countries were too poor to combat communism

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53

What did Truman do in retaliation to the satellite states?

Truman Doctrine + Marshall Plan

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54

What was the Truman doctrine?

  • USA pledged to support any nation threatened by communist takeover in a military, financial or diplomatic way

  • Told everyone that communism = evil and capitalism = good

  • Trumans way of containing communism and making sure it didn’t spread

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55

When was the Truman doctrine?

1947

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56

What was the Marshall plan?

  • USA provided 13 billion to help rebuild West Europe after the war

  • USA wanted to contain communism and stop it from spreading to the west

  • By giving the last money, it meant that poor people wouldn’t be enticed by communism

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57

When was the Marshall Plan?

1948

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58

What was Stalins reaction to the Truman Doctrine?

Stalin viewed the Truman doctrine as a declaration of war

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59

How did Stalin react to the Marshall plan?

Stalin viewed the Marshall plan as

  • Truman bribing the west

  • Trying to split Europe

  • Stopping communism.

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60

Did the Truman doctrine worsen or improve relation?

Worsen

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61

What did Stalin set up as a result of the Marshall plan and Truman doctrine?

Comecon + Cominform

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62

When was cominform?

1947

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63

When was Comecon?

1949

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64

What was cominform?

  • Forbade trade with the west

  • Encouraged western countries to block Marshall plan assistance

  • Made sure satellite states remain under Soviet control + were loyal

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65

What was Comecon?

  • Everything shared amongst communist countries

  • Alternative to the Marshall plan so no satellite states signed up for it

  • Appeased countries ordered to refuse Marshall Plan

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66

When was FDR president until?

1945, before Potsdam and after Yalta

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67

When was Truman president?

1945-53, during Potsdam but gone before Hungarian crisis

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68

When was Stalin in charge until?

1952 or 3, replaced by Hungarian Crisis

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