U8 pt 1

psychological disorder - "abnormal behavior"

Disturbance in a person's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

maladaptive

psychological disorder that is destructive to oneself or others (physical, mental, social harm), interferes with day to day life

distressing

psychological disorder that is worrisome to themselves or others

deviant (atypical)

psychological disorder that is so different that it violates a norm

etiology

the study for causes of psychological disorders is

medical model and biopsychosocial approach

list the theories for the causes of psychological disorders

medical model (nature)

people have illness, can be treated in mental hospitals, disorder due to biology, Used heavily in past, still followed today (genetic abnormality, drugs as treatment)

psychiatrists

who would believe the medical model theory

biopsychosocial approach (nature and nurture)

interaction of nature and nurture causes disorders, Genes/DNA, stress/trauma, and culture roles influence behavior

psychologists

who would believe the biopsychosocial approach

DSM-5 TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition, Text Revision))

used for classifying psychological disorders, Guidelines for diagnosing a person with a disorder, Used by most psychologists, 22 categories of "mental disorders", Must be in this for most insurance companies to pay for therapy

prevalence

percentage of the population that exhibits a disorder during a specific time period (Ex: 26% of people suffer from a mental disorder in a given year)

schizophrenia

Split from reality (NOT split personality)

delusions, can have hallucinations, word salad, inappropriate emotions and actions, flat affect, and catatonia

list the symptoms of schizophrenia

delusions

symptom of schizophrenia, false beliefs (Ex: paranoid: people are trying to hurt you)

hallucinations

symptom of schizophrenia, false sensory experiences; Hearing voices, seeing non-existent objects

word salad

symptom of schizophrenia, mixed up words/thought patterns, follow no logical order

flat affect

symptom of schizophrenia, show no emotions

catatonia

symptom of schizophrenia, remain motionless for hours

Genetic, Abnormal brain activity in frontal lobe, thalamus, and amygdala, Raised dopamine levels, Could be caused by problems during pregnancy?, LSD, psychotic drugs; 1% chance of developing if using marijuana

list the causes of schizophrenia

biomedical therapy

if the cause of the disorder is medical model (nature), what treatment approach should I take?

psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, humanist therapy, behavior therapy, and cognitive therapy

if the cause of the disorder is biopsychosocial approach (nature and nurture), what treatment approach should I take?

prescription drugs (psychopharmacology), electroconvulsive therapy, and surgery

biomedical therapy is the treatment of disorders by changing the brain's function with

antipsychotic drugs

used to treat schizophrenia, reduce delusions & hallucinations (ex: Thorazine, Risperdal)

antidepressant drugs

treat depression, affect serotonin (ex: Prozac, Zoloft), SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), Research shows mind may matter more than actual drug (placebos help too)

mood stabilizers (lithium)

treat bipolar by leveling out mood swings, affect norepinephrine

antianxiety drugs

used to treat anxiety disorders, boost neurotransmitter that reduces stress (ex: Valium, Xanax)

therapy

for biomedical therapy, most prescription drugs need to be used with

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

for biomedical therapy, Shock treatment, Used heavily in past, Still used to treat severe depression

surgery

for biomedical therapy, Remove or destroy brain tissue

lobotomy

cut nerves that connect frontal lobe to inner brain, Used to calm uncontrollable emotion or violent patients, Very drastic results -- people became permanently lethargic, immature, impulsive personality, Never performed anymore

anxiety disorders

Distressing, persistent anxiety, or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, phobias, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD)

list the types of anxiety disorders

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Person is continually tense, apprehensive, and are always aroused for defense, Usually person cannot identify cause, so it's hard to deal with

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Ex: Tom, a 27-year-old electrician, complains of dizziness, sweating palms, heart palpitations, and ringing in his ears. He feels edgy and sometimes shakes. With reasonable success he has hid this from his coworkers and family. Nevertheless, he has had few friends since his symptoms began 2 years ago. He occasionally has to leave work. His doctor cannot find any physical problem.

panic disorder

Minute long episodes of unexplained terror and fear that something bad is going to happen, Symptoms: chest pain, choking, other frightening sensations, Sufferers start to fear the fear itself

agoraphobia

under panic disorder, avoidance of places where you couldn't get help if having panic attack

phobias

Focus anxiety on a specific object, activity, or situation, Irrational fears that disrupt behavior

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Anxiety when reminded of major traumatic event

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Ex: soldier jumping when hearing fireworks because it reminds them of battle

Neurotransmitters serotonin & glutamate effected (somewhat genetic), Fears can be conditioned!, Stress related, and Overactive amygdala = when in emotional situations their amygdala produces an exaggerated response

what are the causes of anxiety disorders

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Body dysmorphic disorder, Hoarding disorder, and Trichotillomania (hair pulling)

list obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (obsession with the stove, compulsion with fighting the urge to check it 10 times)

a woman cannot rid herself of the thought that she might accidentally leave her gas stove on, causing her house to explode, everyday she fights the irresistible urge to check the stove exactly 10 times before leaving for work