UTZ- HISTORY

HX OF UTZ

Who discovered bats use echolocation (echo principle) in 1794?

Lazzaro Spallanzani.

Who described the Doppler Effect in 1842?

Christian Doppler.

Who published The Theory of Sound in 1877?

Lord Rayleigh.

Who discovered the piezoelectric effect in 1880?

Pierre & Jacques Curie.

What disaster in 1912 accelerated sonar development?

The Titanic sinking.

Who developed quartz-based sonar for submarine detection in 1917?

Paul Langevin.

Who proposed ultrasound for detecting flaws in solids in 1928?

Sergei Sokolov.

What field first used ultrasound before medicine?

Metallurgy (flaw detection).

Who performed the first medical ultrasound of the brain in 1942?

Karl Dussik.

Who researched ultrasound for gallstone detection in 1948?

George Ludwig.

Who created early A-mode scans of bowel and breast tissue in 1949–1950?

John Wild & John Reid.

Who differentiated normal vs. cancerous breast tissue with ultrasound?

John Wild.

Who produced the first echocardiograms in 1953?

Inge Edler & Hellmuth Hertz.

What year did Donald publish his famous Lancet paper on ultrasound?

1958.

Who first applied Doppler ultrasound in medicine in 1955?

Shigeo Satomura.

What did Satomura’s Doppler device measure?

Blood flow and heart valve motion.

What company built the first commercial Doppler Rheograph in 1959?

NEC (Japan).

Which country pioneered grayscale ultrasound imaging?

Australia.

Who led Australia’s ultrasound group in the 1960s?

George Kossoff.

Which collaborators worked with Kossoff in Sydney?

David Robinson & William Garrett.

What was their first major breakthrough in 1962?

Obstetric water-bath ultrasound imaging.

What machine did Kossoff’s group develop in 1969?

The UI Octoson (multi-transducer scanner).

What key advance did Kossoff and Robinson pioneer?

Grayscale ultrasound imaging.

Who built early compound B-mode scanners in the USA (1960s)?

Holmes & Wright.

What was the first real-time contact scanner called (1965)?

Vidoson (Siemens).

What replaced black-and-white outlines in the late 1960s?

Grayscale imaging.

When did pulsed Doppler become clinically practical?

1970s.

What decade introduced real-time mechanical sector scanners?

1970s.

Who developed the first compound contact B-mode scanner in obstetrics?

Ian Donald & Tom Brown.

Which companies began producing ultrasound machines in the 1970s?

Siemens, Aloka, Toshiba, Hitachi.

What year did Siemens launch the TOMOSON scanner?

1977/78.

What Siemens scanner was released in 1979 for cardiology?

Echopan KS.

What Siemens system marked early real-time scanning?

Diasonics RA-1.

What technology became mainstream in the 1980s?

Color Doppler and duplex scanning.

What year were the first 3D ultrasound images produced?

1987.

In what decade did 3D ultrasound become widely used clinically?

1990s.

What type of ultrasound was developed in the 2000s?

4D ultrasound (real-time 3D).

What innovation used microbubbles in the 2000s?

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).

What new technique measures tissue stiffness?

Elastography.

What expanded ultrasound imaging for small parts in the 2010s?

High-frequency probes.

What type of ultrasound is commonly used in ER and bedside exams?

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS).

Name a modern handheld ultrasound device.

Butterfly iQ, Philips Lumify, or GE Vscan.

What decade did handheld ultrasounds become widely available?

2010s.

What role does AI play in ultrasound today?

Assists interpretation and automates measurements.

What is fusion imaging in ultrasound?

Combining ultrasound with CT/MRI guidance.

Which decade introduced portable Doppler systems widely?

1990s.

Which company made major contributions to color Doppler in the 1980s–90s?

Siemens (also Aloka).

Who is regarded as the “Father of Medical Ultrasound” overall?

John Wild (early tissue differentiation).

Who is regarded as the “Father of Obstetric Ultrasound”?

Ian Donald.