APUSH Period 8 Part 2 IDs

Lyndon' Johnson’s Talents

Is incredibly good at getting laws through, becomes the Senate majority leader and is dubbed “Master of the Senate” while in Congress

Conservatism

Limiting the scope of the federal government and promoting self-sufficiency

Barry Goldwater

The candidate that opposed LBJ in the 1964 election and had embodied conservatist beliefs, sparking a resurgence of conservatism

Modern Conservative Movement in Politics

Due to Barry Goldwater’s resurgence, the liberal vs. conservative movement in the U.S. continues to be a hotly debated subject in today’s society

Great Society

Domestic policy that Lyndon Johnson pushed, idolizing JFK and using his death to push through new legislation while also modeling his approach after FDR

“War on Poverty”

LBJ was determined to remove poverty in the U.S. as part of the Great Society, which included reforms like the Appalachian Regional Development Act which pumped 1 billion dollars into the area to fight against poverty

VISTA

The Volunteers in Service to America program provided stipends for volunteers to work in deprived domestic communities

1964 Economic Opportunity Act

An act that created the Head Start program, which was designed to help young children in low income families get a literal head start on their education

Civil Rights Act of 1964

An act that prohibited racial discrimination and segregation based upon race in any situation, gets amended later to include different minorities as well

Voting Rights Act of 1965

An act that prohibited racial discrimination in voting, outlawing literacy tests and other forms of voter disenfranchisement

Immigration Act of 1965

An act that abolished the quota system, making it easier for refugees and immigrants to come to the US

Medicare/Medicaid

Medicare is a program that says that the government will pay for health insurance at a certain age, Medicaid is similar but it applies to kids and families that live in poverty

Brown v. Board of Education

A supreme court case involving 5 separate lawsuits centered around racial segregation in schools, decided that all schools have to integrate and with “all deliberate speed”, removing the Plessy v. Ferguson decision

Massive Resistance

Southern pushback to integration in schools after the Brown v. Board of Education decision, usually leading to further segregation or closing schools altogether

Southern Manifesto

A document that 101 Congress members signed saying that the Court overreached its power, encouraging all states to resist its decision

Citizen Councils

Congregations of white elites that use economic oppression to hinder African-Americans and pushback against school integration

Prince Edward Co., Virginia

The county where Barbara Johns, a student at Moton HS, organized a school wide strike against segregation and where massive resistance also struck hardest following the Brown decision, as their schools closed for 5 years and private academies popped up instead

Little Rock Nine

A group of nine black students who supported integration and governor Orval Faubas used the Arkansas National Guard to prevent it, prompting Eisenhower to sent in 1,000 federal troops to allow them to integrate, however, Faubas closed the schools the following year

Self-Purification

MLK’s principal of accepting hate and blows and not retaliating, thereby putting the civil rights movement above your ego

Emmitt Till

A black 14 year old from Chicago visiting his cousins in rural Mississippi in 1955 that was falsely accused of catcalling a white convenience store worker, which led to her husband and his friends brutally murdering him. His funeral was open casket, which awakened Americans to the true extent of Southern racism

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat to a white passenger, leading to her arrest and prompting MLK to boycott the buses in Montgomery, launching MLK to national fame after its success

SCLC

An organization started by MLK that coordinates southern black ministers to push the civil rights movement forward, meshing well with black church communities

Sit-ins

A protest method started in Greensboro, NC and used throughout the civil rights movement where protesters would sit in whites only lunch counters and wait to receive violent rebuttal

SNCC

An organization filled with college students that coordinated sit-ins and other demonstrations, also coordinated practices before their demonstrations

Freedom Riders

An organization of people that would ride on desegregated buses to check on how segregation actually dissolved in them

Birmingham Boycott

A boycott of Birmingham merchants and a march throughout the city that MLK selected due to threats of police violence from white supremacist Eugene “Bull” Connor, which ended in massive amounts police brutality involving fire hoses, attack dogs, tear gas, and cattle prods

Medgar Evers

An important and instrumental leader in civil rights that supported MLK in the background but was assassinated midway through the movement

Selma March

A nonviolent march from Selma to Montgomery as part of the civil rights movement that was met with backlash, police brutality, and mob violence that even killed some, however, continuous marches happened until LBJ sends in troops to protect them on their third attempt

Watts Riots

A race riot in LA that started over a scuffle between two black men and a white officer, erupting into total mob violence on both sides where 34 die and 4,000 are imprisoned

Kerner Commission

A government investigation into the cause of the recent race riot explosions, saw it to be caused by racial tension and oppression

Black Power

A branch of the civil rights movement that focused on pride in African-American racial heritage and oppression in urban society, also supported violence in self-defence

Malcolm X

A preacher for the Nation of Islam that was a renowned head of the Black Power movement

Black Nationalism

The belief of black superiority that went to extreme conclusions, such as supporting segregation in order to have self-governance, which they believed would create true equality

Nation of Islam

An organization that believed in heavy Black Nationalism where Malcolm X was a preacher

Stokely Carmichael

An important Black Power figure that was once the head of SNCC but then broke off to join the Black Power movement

Huey Newton/Eldgridge Cleaver

Important heads and figures within the Black Panther party

Black Panthers

An organization that culminated the Black Power movement into an organized group

MLK

Once a preacher for Rosa Parks, MLK becomes the major leader of the civil rights movement until his assassination in 1969, using speeches such as his “I Have a Dream Speech” to inspire black Americans

Difference in civil rights from 1950-1964 to 1964-1970

Between 1950-1964, most civil rights movement protesters were united under MLK, but because of race riots, they split off into different groups by 1964, namely the Black Power movement

Legacy of Containment

Containment had been used for each and every major Cold War event, and was upheld from Truman to Nixon and used in the Vietnam war

Ho Chi Minh

The leader of the Marxist Communist movement in Vietnam in 1941 and the leader of the self-proclaimed independent country in 1945

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

A Congressional act passed out after a skirmish in North Vietnamese waters where we had vessels there to spy and we attack their ships in the waters, gave the president the power to take all necessary measures to repel any Vietnamese attack against the U.S.

Vietcong

Also known as the National Liberation Front, the North Vietnamese army of communist guerillas

Tet Offensive

Previously, the North Vietnamese would truce on every Vietnamese New Year and would temporarily be peaceful, however, they disregard it in 1968, ambushing 100 towns, we push back with Gen. Westmoreland and win, but Americans at home realized how the war would be more endless and brutal than it was made out to be, resulting in the opposition of continued involvement

Credibility Gap

A term used for the American lack of belief in their government

Anti-War Movement

A series of protests and political discontent that aimed to end American involvement in Vietnam

Students for a Democratic Society

An organization of university students that was known to voice their objections to the Vietnam war

Free Speech Movement

A group of university students at the University of California at Berkeley that objected and protested against the Vietnam war

Port Huron Statement

A statement issued by students led by activist Jon Hayden that condemned the Vietnam war and chastised the Johnson administration for pushing young men to serve in Southeast Asia against their will

Draft Protest

A protest led by MLK where anti-war protestors would march from Central Park to the UN building while another 100,000 protestors marched at the Pentagon

Eugene McCarthy

The Democratic nominee in 1968 that represented the anti-war sentiment of Americans

Robert F. Kennedy

The brother of JFK that was supportive of civil rights and the war on poverty and was anti-war, but was sadly assassinated before he was able to campaign

Hubert Humphrey

The Democratic nominee in 1968 that would represent pro-Vietnam involvement for America, and the eventual winner of the Democratic running for president

Counterculture

Things that were against the mainstream culture, such as communal living experiments, alternative music, sex before marriage, or recreational drug usage in the 1960s

1968 Democratic National Convention

A convention to decide which Democratic nominee would run for president, however, it was disturbed by violent protest over the Vietnam war by the Youth International Party

George Wallace/American Independent Party

The governor of Alabama who was incredibly racist and infamously blocked doors to the University of Alabama to prevent black students from college and who also ran for president in 1968 on a platform of white supremacy known as the American Independent Party

Richard Nixon

Our 37th president in 1968 who was a conservatist Republican that promised “peace with honor” and law and order to America, getting us away from involvement in Vietnam

Vietnamization

Nixon’s plan to get our troops out of Vietnam which involved turning over all of the fighting to the South Vietnamese army, spawning four years of negotiation and cease fire agreements

My Lai Massacre

A village in North Vietnam that Americans attack and burn and murder all the villagers in in 1968, the military covers it up until 1970 where it is leaked, sparking outrage at home

Kent State Massacre

The Students for a Democratic Society leads a protest at Kent State University in Ohio, the national guard is called in and they open fire after rocks are thrown at them, leading to Congress repealing the Gulf of Tonkin resolution

Pentagon Papers

The NYT rolled out a series of essays leaked by Daniel Ellsburg, a former government employee who had info about Vietnam and LBJ’s presidency, which makes it clear that Johnson lied to the public, sparking outcry