Repro 2 (copy)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Released from neurons in the hypothalamus and passes to the anterior pituitary gland.

Puberty

The sequence of events by which a child is transformed into a young adult.

Testosterone

The major male hormone secreted by the testes.

Secondary sexual characteristics

Are those structural and behavioral changes, other than in the reproductive organs, that develop at puberty and distinguish males from females.

Androgens

Hormones that have testosterone-like effects, such as stimulating the development of male sexual characteristics.

Synthetic androgens (Steroids)

Are used in an attempt to increase muscle.

Emission

The movement of sperm cells, mucus, prostatic secretions, and seminal vesicle secretions into the prostatic, membranous, and spongy urethra.

Ejaculation

The forceful expulsion of the secretions that have accumulated in the urethra to the exterior.

Orgasm

Intense sensation.

Resolution

• Occurs after ejaculation.

• Penis becomes flaccid, an overall feeling of satisfaction exists, and the male is unable to achieve erection and a second ejaculation.

Erection

• The first major component of the male sex act.

• Causes the arteries that supply blood to the erectile tissues to dilate.

Erectile dysfunction (Impotence)

The inability to achieve erections can be due to reduced testosterone secretion resulting from hypothalamic, pituitary, or testic complications.

Infertility

Reduced or diminished fertility.

Artificial insemination

A process in collecting several ejaculations, concentrating the sperm cells, and inserting them into the female's reproductive tract.

Broad ligament

Spreads out on both sides of the uterus and attaches to the ovaries and uterine tubes.

Ovaries

Small organs suspended in the pelvic cavity by ligaments.

Suspensory ligament

Extends from each ovary to the lateral body wall.

Ovarian ligament

Attaches the ovary to the superior margin of the uterus.

Mesovarium

Posterior surface of the broad ligament by folds of peritoneum.

Ovulation

The release of an oocyte from an ovary.

Fertilization

Begins when a sperm cell penetrates the cytoplasm of a secondary oocyte.

Primordial follicle

Primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flat cells.

Vesicles

Fluid-filled spaces.

Theca

A capsule that forms around the follicle.

Fallopian tube (Uterine tube)

• Extend from the area of the ovaries to the uterus. •

• They open directly into the peritoneal cavity near each ovary and receive the secondary oocyte.

Fimbriae

The opening of each uterine tube is surrounded by long, thin processes called.

Ampulla

Fertilization usually occurs in the part of the uterine tube near the ovary called.

Implantation

A process, where the fertilized oocyte embeds in the uterine wall.

Uterus

• As big as a medium-sized pear.

• It is oriented in the pelvic cavity with the larger, rounded part directed superiorly.

Fundus

The part of the uterus superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes.

Body

The main part of the uterus.

Cervix

The narrower part of the uterus.

Perimetrium

The outer layer of the uterus is formed from visceral peritoneum.

Myometrium

The middle layer, consists of smooth muscle, is quite thick, and accounts for the bulk of the uterine wall.

Endometrium

The innermost layer of the uterus, which consists of simple columnar epithelial cells with an underlying connective tissue layer.

Simple tubular glands (Spiral glands)

Are formed by folds of the endometrium.

Prolapsed uterus

A condition that occurs due to childbirth, the uterus can extend inferiorly into the vagina.

Vagina

• The female organ of copulation; it receives the penis during intercourse.

• It also allows menstrual flow and childbirth.

Mucous membrane

A moist stratified squamous epithelium that forms a protective surface layer.