AICP - Fundamental Planning Knowledge (15%)

History of planning, planning movements, and influences on contemporary planning (e.g., European traditions, Eastern traditions, pre-colonial Indigenous planning, diverse influencers) Patterns of human settlement (e.g., growth and development of places over time, role of transportation, climate, effects of discrimination, cultural influences, and location of places in shaping urban form) Foundational legal principles and statutory basis of planning (e.g., federal, state, housing law, property rights, eminent domain, police power) Planning Theory (e.g., public interest theory, incrementalism vs comprehensiveness, equity, advocacy planning, rational planning) The general terminology, practices, and principles of related professions (e.g., public health, architecture, law, engineering, real estate, environmental restoration, public finance) Natural, social, and economic systems (e.g., political context, demographics, social trends, social infrastructure, sustainability, resiliency, ecology, water, health, climate, finance) Core values of planning (e.g., equity, diversity, inclusion, social justice, public interest, sustainability, resiliency, healthy and prosperous communities, democratic engagement, and transparency) How technology can be used to advance planning (e.g., automated vehicles/connected automated vehicles, smart devices, smart cities, civil infrastructure) Information technology tools (e.g., visualization, spatial software, big data analytics, modeling)

In 1909 the first national planning conference was held at?

National Conference on City Planning and Congestion Relief in Washington, DC

The first city planning course taught where?

Harvard’s Landscape Architecture Department in 1909

What two planning events happened in 1909?

the first national planning conference and the introduction of the first city planning course

In 1912 Walter Moody published what?

Wacker’s Manual of the Plan of Chicago

What was the first known formal instruction in city planning below college level?

Walter Moody’s Wacker’s Manual of the Plan of Chicago

What year was the American City Planning Institute of Planners (ACPI)?

1917

Who was the first AICP president?

Fredrick Law Olmsted Jr

In 1939 American City Planning Institute of Planners (ACPI) was renamed to what?

American Institute of Planners (AIP)

In 1934, what was founded?

American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO)

In 1971, AIP adopted what?

Code of Ethics for professional planners

What year was the first exam for AIP membership administered?

1977

What merger happened in 1978?

AIP and ASPO to create American Planning Association (APA)

In 1981, the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning published the first issue of what?

The Journal of Planning Education and Research

What city passed the first land use zoning restrictions on the location of noxious uses in 1867?

San Francisco

What city was the first major American city to apply City Beautiful principles in 1906?

San Francisco

What town had the first planning board in 1907?

Hartford, Connecticut

Who created the first metropolitan regional plan for Chicago in 1909?

Daniel Burnham

What state was the first to pass enabling legislation in 1909?

Wisconsin

What city was the first to use land use zoning to guide development in 1909?

Los Angeles

What city hired its first full time employee for city planning commission?

Newark, NJ

Who was the first full-time employee for a city planning commission?

Harland Bartholomew

What city adopted the first comprehensive zoning code in 1916?

New York City

Who wrote the first comprehensive zoning code for NYC in 1916?

Edward Bassett

In 1922 what county formed the first regional planning commission?

Los Angeles County

In 1924, Secretary Herbert Hoover of the US Department of Commerce issued what?

Standard State Zoning Enabling Act

In 1925, what city was the first major US city to legally adopt a comprehensive plan?

Cincinnati

Cincinnati’s legally adopted comprehensive plan was produced by who?

Alfred Bettman and Ladislas Segoe

In 1928, the US Department of Commerce, under Secretary Herbert Hoover, released what?

Standard City Planning Enabling Act

In 1933, what was created?

US National Planning Board

the US National Planning Board was renamed to what in 1943?

National Resources Planning Board

The first federally supported public housing was constructed where?

Cleveland

The first federally supported public housing to be occupied was located where?

Atlanta

In 1961, what state was the first to introduce statewide zoning?

Hawaii

What book resulted in housing reform in NYC?

How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis

What book initiated the Garden City movement?

Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform by Ebenezer Howard

What book was the first major textbook on city planning?

Carrying Out the City Plan by Flavel Shurtleff

who is the father of regional planning

Patrick Geddes

What did Patrick Geddes publish in 1915

Cities in Evolution

What did Nelson Lewis publish in 1916

Planning of the Modern City

What book was the first in the Green Book Series produced by the International City/County Management Association

Local Planning Administration by Ladislas Segoe in 1941

What book became a common textbook on land use planning

Urban Land Use Planning by F. Stuart Chapin in 1957

What book defines basic concepts within the city, such as edges and nodes?

Image of the city by Kevin Lynch in 1960

What text provided a critical look at planners and planning, focusing on the mistakes of urban renewal?

The Death and Life of Great American Cities by Jane Jacobs in 1961

what book focuses on the negative effects of pesticides on the environment?

Silent Spring by Rachel Carson in 1962

What did TJ Kent publish in 1964

The Urban General Plan

What is a seminal book on historic preservation

With Heritage So Rich by Alfred Reins in 1966

what book focuses on conservation design using an overlay technique?

Design with Nature by Ian McHarg in 1969

What book promotes the use of environmental psychology and sociology in urban design?

The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces by William Whyte in 1980

Who created the New York Housing Authority?

Charles Abrams

What book was highly critical of US federal policies surrounding slum clearance, urban renewal, and public housing?

The City is the Frontier by Charles Abrams in 1965

Who was an important planner during the Garden City Movement?

Thomas Adams

Who was the secretary of the Garden City Association and became the first manager of Letchworth, UK?

Thomas Adams

What published material encouraged those who were poor to become involved in American democracy?

Reveille for Radicals by Saul Alinsky

Saul Alinsky published what material that provided 13 rules for community organizing?

Rules for Radicals

Who wrote A Ladder of Citizen Participation for the Journal of the American Planning Association

Sherry Arnstein in 1969

What does A Ladder of Citizen Participation describe?

the levels of involvement by citizens depending on the form of participation utilized

Who was a Chicago Architect and prominent proponent of the City Beautiful Movement?

Daniel Burnham

Who was the lead force behind the 1893 Columbian Exposition and the 1909 Plan of Chicago

Daniel Burnham

Who transformed New York City’s public works from the 1930s through the 1950s?

Robert Moses

Who expanded the state’s park system and built numerous parkways?

Robert Moses

who designed Mariemont, Ohio?

John Nolen

who made substantial contributions including creating the first comprehensive plan in Florida, contributing to the park system in Madison, Wisconsin, and designed Venice, Florida?

John Nolen

who is the father of landscape architecture?

Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr

Who is responsible for many of the nation’s most important parks, including Central and Prospect Parks in NYC, Niagra Reservation, and University campus landscapes?

Frederick Law Olmstead, Sr

who developed the neighborhood unit concept which was implemented in Radburn, NJ?

Clarence Perry

who was a key contributor to the 1929 Regional Survey of New York and its Environs

Clarence Perry

what is Arcosanti

an experimental utopian city in Arizona focused on minimizing the impact of development on the natural environment

who was the architect responsible for designing Arcosanti

Paolo Soleri

who designed Sunnyside Gardens in Queens, NY, and Radburn, NJ

Clarence Stein

Who wrote New Town for America in 1951

Clarence Stein

What did the greenbelt cities program do?

sought construction of new, self-sufficient cities

Who was an english town planner, designer of Letchworth, and writer of Town Planning in Practice

Sir Raymond Unwin

Who was the founder of American housing policy?

Catherine Bauer Wurster

How was Catherine Bauer Wurster considered the founder of American housing policy?

she served as executive secretary of the Regional Planning Association of America and wrote Modern Housing which was influential in the passage of the Housing Act of 1937

when did the City Beautiful Movement occur?

the late 1800s and early 1900s

What caused the City Beautiful Movement?

Cities becoming places filled with severe poverty, crime, and blight

What did the leaders of the City Beautiful movement believe?

creating beautiful city would inspire residents to lead virtuous lives

What was the result of the City Beautiful movement?

creation of the Beaux-Arts style 

What was the first model civic center

the White City in Chicago

Why was the White City built in Chicago

for the World’s Columbian Exposition in 1893

Other than in Chicago, What is another example of the City Beautiful movement in the US?

McMillan Plan of 1901 for Washington DC

Who is considered the father of the Garden City Movement?

Ebenezer Howard

What are some defining features of the Garden City?

self-contained, population of 32,000, land area of 6,000 acres, 1,000 acres for residents, economic and social reform, land ownership owned by corporation

How many garden cities was Howard able to secure funding for?

3

Where are the 3 garden cities Howard secured funding for?

Letchworth, Sunnyside Gardens NY, Radburn NJ

What are some key facts about Sunnyside Gardens in NY?

while esteemed as a garden city development it is rather a planned community totaling 77 acres and 1200 housing units planned by Clarence Stein

Who designed the American Garden City in Radburn, NJ?

Clarence Stein and Henry Wright

What movement was a reaction against the City Beautiful movement?

the City Efficient or City Scientific movement

What is the City Humane movement?

following the Great Depression in 1935 this movement concerned with jobs and housing

What was the Resettlement Administration in 1935 responsible for?

Greenbelt Towns Program

What did the Green Towns Program do?

developed three cities based on Howard’s ideas

What are the three Green Towns Programs?

Greendale Wisconsin, Greenhills Ohio, Greenbelt Maryland

What did the New Towns Act in 1946 in Great Britain do?

led to the development of more than a dozen new communities based on Howards Garden Cities ideas

What was the result of the developed Garden Cities from the New Towns Act in 1946?

failed to attain Howard’s ideal, lacked industry and true city centers, all becoming residential suburbs

Where in the US is considered a New Town?

Park Forest, Illinois

What is the City Functional Movement?

developed in 1940, emphasized administrative efficiency as it developed with the growth of the military and post-war industrialization

What did the Land Ordinance of 1785 do?

following the end of the Revolutionary War, provided a rectangular land survey of the Old Northwest as a systematic way to divide and distribute land to the public

What did the Homestead Act do?

provided 160 acres of land to settlers for a fee of $18 and a guarantee of 5 years of residence

What was the result of the Homestead Act

the settlement of 270 million acres or 10% of the land area of the US

What was the Morrill Act?

allowed new western states to establish colleges