The Lincolnshire Rising and the POG - The progress of the Rising and the end

Why is the Lincolnshire Rising and the Pilgrimage of Grace so significant?

The Lincolnshire Rising and the Pilgrimage of Grace were the largest single rebellions in Tudor England with over 40,00

When did the rebellions begin?

They began at Louth on 1 October 1536

• The initial rising in Lincolnshire in early October 1536 spread over the Humber to Wakefield and Pontefract

Where did the more militant rising occurre and where did it spread?

A second, more militant rising occurred in the dales between Ripon and Richmond, spreading to West Yorkshire

How different were rebels in Yorkshire and howwas this seen?

• Rebels in Yorkshire were more radical and hostile towards gentry due to strong grievances against landlords

• Violence erupted, including the murder of the chancellor of the Bishop of Lincoln by angry rebels in Horncastle

Who led the pilgirmage of grace? (it began in Yorkshire)

• Initial leadership by Nicholas Melton (self-styled Captain Cobbler)

• Leadership soon included gentry, priests, and armed monks

How many people gathered at lincon and what did they do?

• At least 10,000 people gathered at Lincoln

• Rebels drew up lists of grievances, combining issues from both gentry and commoners

What was evident at the POG?

• Class antagonism was evident, exemplified by letters sent in the name of ‘Captain Poverty’

• The ‘Captain Poverty’ movement provides insight into the revival of rebellion in Cumberland in early 1537

When were letetrs dispached across the country and what did it say?

4 October 1536 he dispatched letters across the county calling on men to maintain the Holy Church

How was the POG see?

The Pilgrimage being seen as a series of interconnected regional revolts, as opposed to one large, fluid movement

When weer rebel armies identified and how many?

Rebel Armies of October 1536 Bush identified 9 ‘host’ armies that had their own separate origins, but most of which joined with the main rebel army

Who became cheif of the POG and when? How many people weer in this army?

By 10 October, Aske had become chief captain of an army of 50,000 men

How did Aske lead?

Aske provided disciplined leadership for the Pilgrimage, ensuring that all goods were paid for and that no murders were committed

How did the government react to the POG?

The Government was caught off guard and soon the Pilgrims exercised power over virtually the whole of the north

What did Henry do in response to the POG?

• Henry wisely sent a delegation led by the Duke of Norfolk to meet the rebels due to him being faced with a larger force

How did the rebeles respond to Henrys actions?

The rebels presented their five articles and a truce was signed on 27 October, so that Sir Ralph Ellerker and Robert Bowes were to meet with the King

• Meanwhile, the Pilgrims kept their forces and their chain of command in place

What was offered at the meeting?

At the meeting with Bowes and Ellerker, Henry offered no concessions, except that he would pardon all but ten ringleaders

The End of the Rebellion

Why did the POG fall apart?

• Collaboration between gentry and commons collapsed as the Duke of Suffolk’s army approached

• Gentry sought forgiveness; commoners became confused

• Rebels remaining were sent home when government herald arrived on 11 October

The suppression of the rebellions

What force essentially defeated the rebels?

Lincolnshire Rebellion collapsed quickly when confronted by the Duke of Suffolk's forces

How much power did the rebels hold? (4)

• In the North rebels occupied York and Hull, they also captured Pontefract Castle

• The scale of the rebellion caused alarm for Henry VIII and his ministers

• Duke of Norfolk was sent north with royal forces

• At Doncaster, Norfolk was heavily outnumbered by rebels

WHta did Norfolk offer to the rebels?

Norfolk offered pardons and promises:

• Restoration of dissolved monasteries

• Establishment of a free Parliament

• Henry VIII likely had no intention of keeping these promises

• The promises were strategically effective—most rebels dispersed

When and what caused the rebellion to renew?

February 1537 Henry had the excuse he needed to go back on his word when rebellion was renewed in Cumberland and the East Riding

How was the new rebellion dealt with?

The Duke of Norfolk quickly suppressed the renewed rebellion, declared martial law and hanged 74 rebels, though after that initial harshness he behaved relatively mercifully and with a concern for proper legal process

How many rebels were hung and whom were the most notable out of them?

74

A number of rebel leaders including Darcy and Hussey, several members of the gentry and heads of monastic houses were brought to London, tried and executed

How was Henry party at fault for the rebellion?

• Past dealings with the rebellion was poor; he ignored warnings about the increase in resentment which he did not wish to hear

• He was fortunate that the Duke of Norfolk showed common sense and flexibility

What did the POG not stop?

The Pilgrimage did not, however, slow the pace of religious change