Heavy Metal Toxicity

Copper Forward

Sources of copper

Snail poison

Parasitic gastritis in sheep

Antifungal

Dog breed predisposed to copper toxicity

Bedlington terrier

MOT of copper toxicity

Gastrointestinal necrosis and liver damage

Hemolytic crisis in ruminants

PM lesions of copper toxicity

Gun-metal colored spleen and port-wine colored urine

Disease caused by Cadmium poisoning

Itai Itai

Clinical Signs of cadmium toxicity

Associated with kidney and bone

More toxic agent in selenium

Selenite

Plants that require selenium for growth

Astragalus and Oonopsis

Excretion of selenium

Urine in monogastrics; feces in ruminants

Mechanism of toxicity of selenium

Depletes glutathione

Lipid peroxidation

Replaces sulfur in amino acids

Impairs ATP formation

Treatment of selenium toxicity

Acetylcysteine or Copper

Susceptable to nitrate poisoning

Pigs, fetuses and neonates

MOT of Nitrate poisoning

Conversion of hemoglobin into methaemoglobin

PM lesions of nitrate poisoning

Dark brown blood

Treatment of Nitrate poisoning

Methylene blue

Source of phosphorous

Rat baits (white or yellow)

Diagnosis of phosphorous poisoning

Garlic-like odor in GI contents

Blood extravasation into tissues and muscles

Urea MOT

Inhibits citric acid cycle

Treatment of Urea Poisoning

Cold water-acetic acid administration with L-arginine

Susceptible to salt poisoning

Poultry and pigs

Salt poisoning symptoms in pigs

Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis and neurological symptoms (ataxia, blindness, convulsions)

Salt poisoning in poultry

Intense thirst, respiratory distress, limb paralysis and wet feces

PM lesions of salt poisoning

renal congestion and cerebral edema

Susceptible to chronic fluoride poisoning

Dairy cows

Fluoride clinical symptoms

Acute: decreased milk production

Chronic: dental pain

Exostosis in long bone extremities

Fluoride PM lelsions

Enlarged, chalky-white bones

Gelatinous bone marrow

Fluoride treatment

Aluminium salts