Chemistry Experiments and Techniques: Reaction Rates, Metal Reactivity, Energy Changes, Crystallization, Electrolysis, and Chromatography

How does acid concentration affect the rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid?

Measure gas/mass loss, use the same Mg size, different concentrations, repeat and calculate mean, graph rate vs concentration, wear safety goggles.

How can you compare the reactivity of metals using acids?

Use the same mass/surface area, measure fizzing or gas volume, perform a hydrogen test, control variables, determine order of reactivity.

What is an experiment to compare energy changes in reactions?

Use an insulated cup, thermometer, measure initial and final temperature, identify exothermic/endothermic reactions, use the same volumes, draw a conclusion.

How do you make pure, dry copper sulfate crystals?

Combine sulfuric acid and copper oxide, heat the acid, add excess base, filter, evaporate, and allow crystals to form on cooling.

How is electrolysis used to extract elements?

Use an electrolyte, connect a power supply, identify anode and cathode, observe ions moving, note gain/loss of electrons, and identify products formed.

How does paper chromatography separate inks?

Draw a baseline in pencil, ensure solvent is below the line, utilize capillary action, measure different distances, explain solubility, and calculate Rf values (if higher tier).