Digestive and Excretory System

Alimentary Canal

Path of organs food goes through

Organs in alimentary canal in order

Oral cavity (mouth) → Pharynx → Oesophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum → anus

Mechanical digestion

Physical changing size of food

Chemical digestion

Enzymes help change make up of food

Accessory organs role

Secrete fluids into alimentary canal to help w/ digestion

Accessory organs

Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder and pancreas

Small intestine dudes from top to bottom

Duodenum, Jejunum & Ileum

Large intestine dudes

(blahblah) colon, rectum & anus

4 stages of food processing

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

Salivary amylase

Substance for chemical digestion in oral cavity

Salivary amylase role

Breaks down starches, poly → di → monosaccharide

Bolus

Ball shape food leaves mouth in

Peristalsis

Muscular contractions moving food down oesophagus

Epiglottis

Flap of muscle in pharynx allow for no choke

3 components of gastric juice

Mucus, hydrochloric acid & pepsin

Mucus

Protect stomach wall

Hydrochloric acid

pH of 2, HCl

Pepsin

Enzyme beginning break down of protein, activated by acid

Cardiac sphincter

Connect oesophagus & stomach

Pyloric sphincter

Connect stomach & small intestine

Acid reflux

Heart burn, acid goes up oesophagus

Gastric ulcers

Hole in stomach made by acid

Bile source

Liver

Bile victim

Fat

Bile product

Small fat

Pancreatic amylase source

Pancreas

Pancreatic amylase victim

Starch

Pancreatic amylase product

Disaccharides

Maltase source

Small intestine

Maltase victim

Maltose

Maltase product

Glucose + glucose

Sucrase source

Small intestine

Sucrase victim

Sucrose

Sucrase product

Glucose + Fructose

Lactase source

Small intestine

Lactase victim

Lactose

Lactase product

Glucose + Galactose

Trypsin source

Pancreas

Trypsin victim

Proteins

Trypsin product

Amino acid

Nuclease source

Pancreas

Nuclease victim

Nucleic acid

Nuclease product

Nucleotides

Lipase source

Pancreas

Lipase victim

Lipid

Lipase product

Glycerol & fatty acids

Villi

Finger-like structures in small intestine meant to increase area for absorption

Function of large intestine

Absorb water from poop & produce vitamin K w/ help of mutualistic bacteria

Liver function

Produce bile

Gall bladder function

Store bile

Pancreas function

Produce digestive enzymes

Excretion

Removal of metabolic waste - CO2, salt, urine, H20 and sweat

Organs involved in excretion

Lung, kidney and skin

Organs in urinary system

Kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra

Kidney

Filters blood and produces urine

Ureter

Transports urine from kidney to bladder

Bladder

Stores urine

Urethra

Allows urine to exit

Renal artery

Brings oxygenated, unfiltered, urea blood to kidney from abdominal aorta

Renal vein

Exit for deoxygenated, filtered blood from kidney to inferior vena cava

Nephron

Working unit of kidney with capillaries around

Filtration

H2O, urea, salt, glucose and amino acids | From blood → tubule

Reabsorption

Take back in glucose, amino acids and H2O (if dehydrated) | Trom tubule → blood

Secretion

Big stuff - toxins, drugs | from blood→ tubule

Excretion

Removing urine from the body

Path of urine from nephron to urethra

Kidney → ureter → bladder → urethra