Studied by 11 peopleaxial
The skull, spinal column, sternum, and ribs make up the ______ skeleton.
appendicular
The pectoral girdle, pelvis, upper and lower limbs make up the ______ skeleton.
compact bone
dense, hard outer layer of bone
spongy bone
semirigid, porous (many holes) part of interior or bone, less dense than compact bone
epiphysis
end of a long bone
diaphysis
main (mid) section of a long bone
periosteum
membrane that surrounds bone, blood vessels and nerves
red bone marrow
forms red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
red
______ bone marrow is found in infants bone cavity and the flat bones of adults.
yellow
______ bone marrow replaces red bone marrow in adult bones
yellow
______ bone marrow stores fat tissue, doesn't form blood cells, and can turn into red bone marrow when body is ill.
synarthroses
______ joints = immovable joints (e.g. Skull)
amphiarthroses
______ joints = slightly movable joints (e.g. Spine)
diarthroses
______ joints = freely movable joints (e.g. elbow)
ligaments, tendons
______ are tissue that connects bone to bone, ______ are tissue that connects muscle to bone
synovial fluid
lubricating, nourishing joint fluid
voluntary
muscle you can control
involuntary
muscle you can't control
smooth muscle
involuntary, muscle tissue found in internal organs
cardiac muscle
involuntary, heart muscle tissue
skeletal muscle
voluntary, striated (striped), moves bones, attached to bones by tendons
skeletal
______ muscle "works in pairs" as when a one muscle is lengthened the other becomes shorter and thicker.
640
There are __ skeletal muscles.
smooth
There are a countless amount of ______ muscles.
anatomy
the parts of the body
physiology
how body parts function
bones, muscles, joints
What are the three parts of the musculoskeletal system?
protect, support, produce, store
Our bones ______ soft tissue and internal organs, ______ the body, ______ blood cells, and ______ minerals like calcium and magnesium.
80
How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
axial
The ______ skeleton protects vital organs and supports the body
appendicular
The ______ skeleton is located on the upper and lower extremities (limbs), pectoral girdle, pelvis (which both anchor arms, legs, and head to axial skeleton) append = add on to
bones
The five functions of ______ are to protect, support, move, produce, store (please save my poor sister).
cavity
an opening
viscous
thick, slow moving (like syrup)
shape
Are diarthroses joints named for shape, or function?
40
Muscles account for __% of your body weight.
muscles
tissues that contract for mechanical work
fibrous
many fibers
contract
Muscles ______ to stand, move, digest, remove waste, maintain normal temperature (98.6), shover producing heat, hot blood kept in center
skeleton
Muscles hold the ______ together.
before
Bones begin forming ______ you're born.
cartilage
______ is replaced by collagen, calcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate (three parts of non-living bone).
ossification
bone formation (while we sleep)
20
Ossification takes __ years.
remodeling
replacing old bone cells with new ones (bones continue to grow throughout life
yes
Are bones alive?
energy
What do muscles use ATP for?
energy
ATP is the source of ______ for cells.
glucose
ATP (C₆H₁₂O₆)=
nervous system
continuously sends and receives messages from your body in order to manage critical functions
brain, spinal cord, nerves
three parts of the nervous system
brain
receives sensory input from spinal cord and nerve cells, controls functions
spinal cord
provides sensory information to the brain
nerves
bundles of nerve cells, or neurons that transmit impulses (messages) from your body to brain and from your brain to cells of body
brain
organizes and processes information for your body
brain
The ______ is responsible for memory and coordination.
cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem
three parts of the brain
cerebrum
What is the largest part of the brain?
cerebrum
The _______ allows memory, comprehension, and emotion.
right, left
In the cerebrum, the left side of the brain controls the ______ side of the body, right controls the ______.
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
What are the four lobes of the brain?
frontal lobe
controls motor and high order functions
parietal lobe
visual perception, comprehension (pain, touch, temperature)
temporal lobe
emotion, speech, hearing
occipital lobe
vision, colors
cerebellum
moves muscles, receives info from cerebrum
muscle memory
What term is associated with the cerebellum?
brain stem
controls breathing, digesting food, circulating blood, and involuntary muscles
4
How many regions of the brain stem?
between brain hemispheres
Where are the diencephalons?
thalamus, thalamus
The diencephalons contain both the hypo______ and ______.
below
hypo=
thalamus
relay center for sensory impulse (excluding smell)
hypothalamus
regulates sleep, hunger, thirst, body temperature, pressure, homeostasis
midbrain
located below diencephalons, joins cerebrum and spinal cord, relays signals between spinal cord and cerebrum and cerebrum and cerebellum
pons
below midbrain, joins cerebellum with cerebrum and left and right hemispheres, sends info between hemispheres and between cerebrum and cerebellum
medulla oblongata
SPINAL CORD!, controls heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure
below
The pituitary gland is located ______ the hypothalamus.
spinal cord
The ______ ______ connects the brain and PNS.
31
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
Ascending Nerve Tract
carries information from body's muscles to the brain
Descending Nerve Tract
carries information from the brain to the body's muscles
spinal cord
What does cerebrospinal fluid bathe?
fibers, neurons
Nerves are made up of nerve ______ and bundles of ______.
neurons
specialized cells that send and receive messages (nerve impulses)
nucleus
controls cell and produces messages sent to the CNS
dendrites
receives impulses and sends them to cell body
axons
transmit impulses away from cell body
synaptic terminal
transmits impulses other neurons or muscle glands
synapse
between two neurons, between neuron and muscle
axon
tail=
terminal
end of tail=
motor neuron
activates muscles and glands
sensory neuron
detects environment
interneuron
connects everything
NO
Does the brain ever rest?
7
How many discrete items can the average brain hold at once?
nerves
What is included in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
brain, spinal cord
What is included in the central nervous system (CNS)
sensory impulses
messages taken in by the body that inform the nervous system about what's going on both inside and outside the body
Note
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