science final

axial

The skull, spinal column, sternum, and ribs make up the \______ skeleton.

appendicular

The pectoral girdle, pelvis, upper and lower limbs make up the \______ skeleton.

compact bone

dense, hard outer layer of bone

spongy bone

semirigid, porous (many holes) part of interior or bone, less dense than compact bone

epiphysis

end of a long bone

diaphysis

main (mid) section of a long bone

periosteum

membrane that surrounds bone, blood vessels and nerves

red bone marrow

forms red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

red

\______ bone marrow is found in infants bone cavity and the flat bones of adults.

yellow

\______ bone marrow replaces red bone marrow in adult bones

yellow

\______ bone marrow stores fat tissue, doesn't form blood cells, and can turn into red bone marrow when body is ill.

synarthroses

\______ joints \= immovable joints (e.g. Skull)

amphiarthroses

\______ joints \= slightly movable joints (e.g. Spine)

diarthroses

\______ joints \= freely movable joints (e.g. elbow)

ligaments, tendons

\______ are tissue that connects bone to bone, \______ are tissue that connects muscle to bone

synovial fluid

lubricating, nourishing joint fluid

voluntary

muscle you can control

involuntary

muscle you can't control

smooth muscle

involuntary, muscle tissue found in internal organs

cardiac muscle

involuntary, heart muscle tissue

skeletal muscle

voluntary, striated (striped), moves bones, attached to bones by tendons

skeletal

\______ muscle "works in pairs" as when a one muscle is lengthened the other becomes shorter and thicker.

640

There are \__ skeletal muscles.

smooth

There are a countless amount of \______ muscles.

anatomy

the parts of the body

physiology

how body parts function

bones, muscles, joints

What are the three parts of the musculoskeletal system?

protect, support, produce, store

Our bones \______ soft tissue and internal organs, \______ the body, \______ blood cells, and \______ minerals like calcium and magnesium.

80

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

axial

The \______ skeleton protects vital organs and supports the body

appendicular

The \______ skeleton is located on the upper and lower extremities (limbs), pectoral girdle, pelvis (which both anchor arms, legs, and head to axial skeleton) append \= add on to

bones

The five functions of \______ are to protect, support, move, produce, store (please save my poor sister).

cavity

an opening

viscous

thick, slow moving (like syrup)

shape

Are diarthroses joints named for shape, or function?

40

Muscles account for __% of your body weight.

muscles

tissues that contract for mechanical work

fibrous

many fibers

contract

Muscles \______ to stand, move, digest, remove waste, maintain normal temperature (98.6), shover producing heat, hot blood kept in center

skeleton

Muscles hold the \______ together.

before

Bones begin forming \______ you're born.

cartilage

\______ is replaced by collagen, calcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate (three parts of non-living bone).

ossification

bone formation (while we sleep)

20

Ossification takes \__ years.

remodeling

replacing old bone cells with new ones (bones continue to grow throughout life

yes

Are bones alive?

energy

What do muscles use ATP for?

energy

ATP is the source of \______ for cells.

glucose

ATP (C₆H₁₂O₆)\=

nervous system

continuously sends and receives messages from your body in order to manage critical functions

brain, spinal cord, nerves

three parts of the nervous system

brain

receives sensory input from spinal cord and nerve cells, controls functions

spinal cord

provides sensory information to the brain

nerves

bundles of nerve cells, or neurons that transmit impulses (messages) from your body to brain and from your brain to cells of body

brain

organizes and processes information for your body

brain

The \______ is responsible for memory and coordination.

cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem

three parts of the brain

cerebrum

What is the largest part of the brain?

cerebrum

The \_______ allows memory, comprehension, and emotion.

right, left

In the cerebrum, the left side of the brain controls the \______ side of the body, right controls the \______.

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

What are the four lobes of the brain?

frontal lobe

controls motor and high order functions

parietal lobe

visual perception, comprehension (pain, touch, temperature)

temporal lobe

emotion, speech, hearing

occipital lobe

vision, colors

cerebellum

moves muscles, receives info from cerebrum

muscle memory

What term is associated with the cerebellum?

brain stem

controls breathing, digesting food, circulating blood, and involuntary muscles

4

How many regions of the brain stem?

between brain hemispheres

Where are the diencephalons?

thalamus, thalamus

The diencephalons contain both the hypo\______ and \______.

below

hypo\=

thalamus

relay center for sensory impulse (excluding smell)

hypothalamus

regulates sleep, hunger, thirst, body temperature, pressure, homeostasis

midbrain

located below diencephalons, joins cerebrum and spinal cord, relays signals between spinal cord and cerebrum and cerebrum and cerebellum

pons

below midbrain, joins cerebellum with cerebrum and left and right hemispheres, sends info between hemispheres and between cerebrum and cerebellum

medulla oblongata

SPINAL CORD!, controls heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure

below

The pituitary gland is located \______ the hypothalamus.

spinal cord

The \______ \______ connects the brain and PNS.

31

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Ascending Nerve Tract

carries information from body's muscles to the brain

Descending Nerve Tract

carries information from the brain to the body's muscles

spinal cord

What does cerebrospinal fluid bathe?

fibers, neurons

Nerves are made up of nerve \______ and bundles of \______.

neurons

specialized cells that send and receive messages (nerve impulses)

nucleus

controls cell and produces messages sent to the CNS

dendrites

receives impulses and sends them to cell body

axons

transmit impulses away from cell body

synaptic terminal

transmits impulses other neurons or muscle glands

synapse

between two neurons, between neuron and muscle

axon

tail\=

terminal

end of tail\=

motor neuron

activates muscles and glands

sensory neuron

detects environment

interneuron

connects everything

NO

Does the brain ever rest?

7

How many discrete items can the average brain hold at once?

nerves

What is included in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

brain, spinal cord

What is included in the central nervous system (CNS)

sensory impulses

messages taken in by the body that inform the nervous system about what's going on both inside and outside the body