Ch. 8 Lessons 1 + 2 Study Guide - Bio

Cell theory

all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure in living things, cells are produced from other cells

light microscope

use light to magnify specimens, cons: cannot magnify as much as others, lower resolution(ability to distinguish separate structures as separate), pros: can observe living specimens, can see color

Electron microscopes

uses a beam of electrons to observe specimens, cons: cannot see colors, cannot observe living specimens (the preparation process kills them), pros: higher magnification, higher resolution

electron microscope: scanning

bounce the electron beam off the surface of the specimen to show the 3D structure of it

electron microscope: transmission

shoot a beam of electrons through a specimen->Samples must be cut into thin slices to be viewed (2D)

prokaryotic cell

smaller, bacteria, no nucleus

eukaryotic cell

larger, plants/animals, nucleus stores DNA

prokaryotic AND eukaryotic

DNA, membrane, ribosomes->proteins

nucleus

controls most cell processes and contains DNA.

nucleolus

specific area in the nucleus where ribosome assembly initiates

ribosomes

site of protein synthesis

rough endoplasmic reticulum

transports and folds proteins

vesicle

small cavity or sac that carries proteins

Golgi apparatus

sorts and packages proteins

vacuole

sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area, larger in plants than animals because they have to store the food that they make

lysosome

breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell, breaks down organelles that have outlived their usefulness

cytoskeleton

forms cell shape and framework, acts like a highway in the cell->moves materials and organelles to the appropriate locations

microtubule

straight, hollow tube of proteins that gives rigidity, shape, and organization to a cell

chloroplasts

only in plant cells, capture the sun's energy very efficiently to have as much energy as possible for photosynthesis

mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, carries out cellular respiration

cell membrane

controls which substances can enter or leave the cell

cell wall

Only in Plant Cells, supports and provides protection

cytoplasm

jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended