APES Unit 1

Stage 1

Pre-Industrial

Stage 2

Transitional

Stage 3

Industrial

Stage 4

Post-Industrial

Stage 5

Declining

Birth rate in stage 1

high, stable

Birth rate in stage 2

high, stable

Birth rate in stage 3

falling

Birth rate in stage 4

low, stable

Birth rate in stage 5

lower than death rate

Death rate in stage 1

high, stable

Death rate in stage 2

falling rapidly

Death rate in stage 3

low, stable

Death rate in stage 4

low, stable

Death rate in stage 5

low, stable

reasons for change in birth rate (stage 1 and 2)

lack of contraceptives, education, and need of labor/jobs

reasons for change in birth rate (stage 3)

change in culture (job over family), women into workforce, less jobs needed

reasons for change in birth rate (stage 4 and 5)

good healthcare, education, kids are expensive, and rise of individualism

reasons for change in death rate (stage 1)

high infant mortality, lack of nutrition and sanitation

reasons for change in death rate (stage 2 and 3)

more basic healthcare, nutritious food

population size in stage 1

low, stable

population size in stage 2

growing exponentially

population size in stage 3

slowly increasing

population size in stage 4

high, stable

age structure pyramid for pre-industrial

dented triangle

age structure pyramid for transitional

exponential triangle

age structure pyramid for industrial

bulging

age structure pyramid for post-industrial

stable

age structure pyramid for declining

unstable (diamond)