chapter 6- water resources

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25 Terms

1

hydrologic cycle

an open system

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2

residence time

how long water resides in a location

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3

atmosphere (hydrologic cycle)

short residence time

  • Evaporation: net movement of free water

  • Transpiration:water moving from surface or transpired through stomata

  • Evapotranspiration: accounts for 14% of atmosphere

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4

surface (hydrologic cycle)

water interacts with surface many ways

  • Intercepted: plants, ground cover, not touching ground

  • Infiltrate: reaches ground, moves through soil

  • Runoff: land cannot absorb water and flows away into a basin or channel

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5

subsurface (hydrologic cycle)

after infiltration

  • After a very long time, groundwater

  • High residence time

  • Base flow: GW discharging into stream

    • Flow to ocean

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6

water budget

used to determine portions of water in different parts of the cycle

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7

surplus

too much water initiates flooding from runoff

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8

deficit

not enough water causing drought

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9

largest freshwater lake by volume in the world

lake Baikal

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10

Aral Sea disaster

the lake has been greatly reduced in size because of irrigation withdrawals from the rivers that feed it

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11

groundwater mining/ mining an aquifer

to pull out more water than is recharged

  • No recharging is effective

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12

confined aquifer

an aquifer that is bounded on the top and bottom by confining beds

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13

artesian well

water under pressure reachers potentiometric surface

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14

unconfined aquifer

permeable layer above with impermeable underneath

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15

aquitard

rock or sediments with low permeability

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16

permeable

allows water to flow through it

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17

high porosity

transmissible

  • large pore spaces- sit, sand, gravel

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18

cone of depression

pumping of well faster than the water can replenish

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19

drawdown

lowering the water table due to stress on the ground water system due to pumping

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20

springs

ground water overflows onto the surface

  • Hillside, valley, quarry hits ground water

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21

evapotranspiration- in relation to water budget

moisture demand (withdrawal)

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22

precipitation- in relation to water budget

addition to budget (deposit)

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23

impact of groundwater mining

land subsidence

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24

land subsidence

pore spaces collapse when water is removed

  • Cannot reinflate with water

  • Land compacts and sinks

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25

Ogallala and High Plains

Aquifer aquifer that supplies the great plain states of the U.S.

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